103. Open the brackets using the Passive form of the Past Indefinite tense. Amazing facts from History

1. In medieval times people (put) to death for being witches. One anthropologist conjectures as many as 600,000 women (kill) for witchcraft.

2. Before the mid-19th century dentures commonly (make) with teeth which (pull) from the mouths of dead soldiers.

3. After Pope Gregory IX associated cats with devil worship, cats throughout Europe (exterminate) in droves.

4. In ancient Egypt, servants (smear) with honey in order to attract flies away from the pharaoh.

5. Upon dying, some pharaohs (seal) into their tombs alongside their living servants, pets, and concubines.

6. People (bury) alive so often in the 19th century that special safety coffins (patent) that would give the “dead” the ability to alert those above ground if they were still alive.

7. Animals (put) on trial in medieval times and routinely (sentence) to death.

8. Albert Einstein (offer) the role of Israel’s second President in 1952, but he declined.

9. A South African monkey once (award) a medal and (promote) to the rank of corporal during World War I.

10. Henry VII was the only British King who (crown) in the field of battle.

104. Open the brackets using the verbs either in the Active or in the Passive form of the Past Indefinite Tense.

T he Tower of London has a very interesting story behind it. It (begin 1) by a man who was not even English, William of Normandy. At the time he (be 2) the cousin of England's King Edward. It all (start 3) because William (become 4) outraged when Edward (back 5) down on his promise to give the throne to William and (end 6) up giving the throne to his English brother-in-law, Harold. William (sail 7) his army across the English Channel to conquer England. On October 14, 1066 Harold (defeat 8) in the Battle of Hastings and England (conquer 9) by the Normans. On Christmas Day later that year, William who now (call 10) William the Conqueror – (crown 11) King of England.

Immediately after William (take 12) over as king, forts (build 13) everywhere. Some of them later (rebuild 14). For example, the fort that (stand 15) in the southeastern corner of London, near an old Roman wall on the north bank of the Thames River (remove 16) in 1078 and (replace 17) by a huge stone stronghold. It (mean 18) to become a symbol of William’s power, a fortress for his defense, and a prison for his enemies. It (name 19) the Tower of London.

The Tower (finish 20) twenty years later. A chapel, apartments, guardrooms, and crypts (build 21) inside. The Tower (protect 22) by a wide ditch, a new stone wall, the old Roman wall, and the river. This (do 23) to secure the fact that this tower (be 24) a prison that no prisoner would escape from.

Several monarchs (die 25) in the Tower of London. One was thirteen-year-old King Edward V who (take 26) to the Tower together with his younger brother, the Duke of York, and (murder 27) in the Garden Tower, which later (rename 28) the Bloody Tower. Two of Henry VIII’s six wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, (condemn 29) to death and (behead 30) here.

In 1603, during the reign of King James I, part of the Tower of London (turn 31) into a museum.

105. Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the box using them in the Active or Passive form of the Past Indefinite tense.