- •Англійська мова
- •Contents
- •Improvement of materials properties
- •Carbon steels
- •Methods of steel treatment
- •Unit 13 non-ferrous metals. Magnesium
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Unit 16 non-ferrous metals. Palladium
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
stable isotope, in combination with, to oxidize, valency, yellowish shade, electric device, nickeline, surgical tools, plating, binding metal, constantan, alkali, nitric acid, soldering, heat resistant, oxide film, jet engine, to achieve, to withstand, laboratory utensils, to dissolve.
Task 2. Fill in the correct words and word combinations from the list below. Use each word only once.
To withstand, coefficient, special, resistance, to vary with, stability, widely, protective action, mechanical, vary with, complex, usual conditions.
to form … compounds 7. … temperature changes
under … 8. … applied
strong … 9. to … heating
with … properties 10. chemical …
high electric… 11. … temperature changes
… engineering 12. … of expansion
Task 3. Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the list below used in the proper tense form.
To be, to consist of, to characterize, to create, to have, to contain, to use, to raise, to spend, to receive, to apply.
1. For the first time nickel … in 1751 by I.Kronstadt.
2. It … by the high electric resistance and … for manufacture of rheostats and other electric devices.
3. Nickeline and constantan … also the alloys of nickel with copper.
4. Rather small amounts of nickel … for plating of other metals.
5. Pure nickel … for the production of laboratory utensils.
6. The additive of nickel to steel … its viscosity and corrosion resistance.
7. Their structure … over 60 % of nickel, 15-20 % chromium and 20-25% of some other metals.
8. Nickel … high resistance to the influence of atmospheric gases, sulfur, halogens etc.
9. Nickel industry … in the former USSR only in the XXth century.
10. Nickeline - the alloy of copper with nickel (25-35% Ni), … additions of manganese, iron, zinc.
UNIT 15 NON-FERROUS METALS. TITANIUM
The development of titanium as a basic industrial metal is without precedent in metallurgical industry. Other modern industrial metals, such as aluminium and magnesium, came into use relatively slowly because from the very beginning the supply of usable metal exceeded the demand, making it necessary to stimulate the demand by suggesting new uses. It has been quite the opposite in the case of titanium. The demand has exceeded the supply from the time that it was demonstrated to be a practical engineering material.
The rapid growth of titanium has been unparalleled by the technological development of any other metal. It was discovered in 1790, but it was not until 1943 that its potentialities were realised. Since then, its development was rapid. Titanium is the fourth most abundant structural metal in nature. Its supply is exceeded only by aluminium, iron and magnesium, and it ranks ahead of copper, lead and zinc.
Ore deposits and beach sands throughout the world contain large quantities of titanium. Russia possesses great supplies of titanium. Large deposits of this valuable metal are found in the USA, Canada, Australia and Norway. Titanium is lightweight, strong, corrosion resistant and abundant in nature. It is finding increasing application in many different fields.