- •Англійська мова
- •Contents
- •Improvement of materials properties
- •Carbon steels
- •Methods of steel treatment
- •Unit 13 non-ferrous metals. Magnesium
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Unit 16 non-ferrous metals. Palladium
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Task 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
Carbon steels
kind of steel |
specific property |
use |
Low carbon steels
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in the manufacture of sheet iron, wire, and pipes |
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tougher and stronger |
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High-carbon steels |
hard and brittle |
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Task 11. |
Write a short summary on the topic: Alloying elements of steel. Such expressions may be useful: to affect the properties, to give strength and toughness, corrosion resistance, to form a hard surface. |
Words to become your active vocabulary:
alloy |
— сплав |
affect |
— впливати |
blade |
— лезо |
brittle |
— крихкий |
case-hardening |
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considerably |
— значно, набагато |
corrode |
— роз’їдати, ржавіти |
cutting tools |
— ріжучі інструменти |
ductile |
— ковкий |
forging |
— ковка |
grain |
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inclusion |
— включення |
influence |
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machine-tools |
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quenching |
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resist |
— чинити опір |
rust |
— ржавіти |
rust-proof |
— нержавіючий |
sheet iron |
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spring |
— пружина |
stainless |
— нержавіючий |
stiff |
— жорсткий, нееластичний, негнучкий |
surgical instruments |
— хірургічні інструменти |
tempering |
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tough |
— міцний, жорсткий, витривалий |
wire |
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UNIT 12 FERROUS METALS. METHODS OF STEEL TREATMENT.
Task 1. |
Before reading the text answer the following questions: |
Task 2. |
Read the following text and find English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations: |
загартування, занурення, швидке охолодження, дрібнозерниста структура, повільне охолодження, температура нормалізації, загартована сталь, склад сталі, оксидна плівка, індикатор температури, розтріскування.
Methods of steel treatment
Quenching is a heat treatment when metal at a high temperature is rapidly cooled by immersion in water or oil. Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure.
Tempering is a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloys. Hardened steel after quenching from a high temperature is too hard for many applications and is also brittle. Tempering, that is re-heating to an intermediate temperature and cooling slowly, reduces this hardness and brittleness. Tempering temperatures depend on the composition of the steel but are frequently between 100 and 650 °C. Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product. The colour of the oxide film produced on the surface of the heated metal often serves as the indicator of its temperature.
Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly. After cooling the metal again becomes malleable and ductile (capable of being bent many times without cracking).
All these methods of steel heat treatment are used to obtain steels with certain mechanical properties for certain needs.
Task 4. |
Match the following words with their translation:
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Task 6. |
Fill in the gaps with the words given below. Use each word only once: |
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brittleness, steel, the indicator, applied, intermediate, ductile, water, grains, slowly, oxide, cracking, heated
General understanding:
Task 5. |
Find in the box the endings to the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
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1) to resist …, 2) to influence …, 3) to be used …, 4) to form …, 5) to contain …, 6) to be suitable …, 7) to be strengthened ….
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a) a hard surface, b) for forging, c) properties, d) corrosion,
e) by quenching and tempering, f) carbon, g) in manufacture
Task 6. |
Match the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
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Task 7. |
Give antonyms to the following words:
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soft |
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slightly |
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weak |
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cooling |
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big |
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the least |
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low |
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high |
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Task 8. |
Translate into English the following word combinations. Use the words from the box.
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сплав заліза та вуглецю, міцний та жорсткий, легко кородує, нержавіюча сталь, низький вміст вуглецю, листове залізо, конструкційні сталі, придатний для кування та зварювання, ріжучі інструменти, хірургічні інструменти, інструментальна сталь, додавання марганцю.
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welding content instruments iron alloy strong tool carbon sheet suitable structural forging steel cutting low stiff addition corrode easily stainless surgical chromium
Task 9. |
Answer the following questions:
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1. What can be done to obtain harder steel?
2. What makes steel more soft and tough?
3. What makes steel more malleable and ductile?
4. What can serve as the indicator of metal temperature while heating it?
5. What temperature range is used for tempering?
6. What are the methods of steel heat treatment used for?