- •Grammatical categories of the gerund
- •Gerundial phrases
- •The gerund as subject
- •The gerund as predicate
- •The gerund as predicative
- •The gerund as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •The duration or continuation of the action,
- •4. The end of the action,
- •The gerund as attribute
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •The gerund as adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •Examples:
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Manner and Attendant Circumstances
- •Examples:
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •Examples:
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •Examples:
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Cause/Reason
- •Examples:
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •Examples:
- •Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •Examples:
- •Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
- •Examples:
- •The gerund as object
- •To advise to allow to permit to recommend to encourage
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘from’
- •The Gerund and the verbal noun
- •Revision of gerund and infinitive
- •Appendix: verbals (2010-2011)
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by the infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerunds or infinitives without any change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by the infinitive
- •Set expressions used with the infinitive
- •VI. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •VII. Adjectives always used with the gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Gerunds after certain nouns with prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitives and gerunds used with difference in meaning t o stop
- •T o remember, to forget, to regret,
- •T o mean
- •T o prefer
- •T o like
- •T o hate
- •T o be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •T o afford
- •T o consider
- •T o need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •T o be interested
- •T o imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
Adjectives followed by the infinitive
Adjectives |
Examples |
to be anxious |
She was anxious to finish school and get a job. |
to be delighted |
In other circumstances Ronni would have been delighted to chat with them. |
to be glad |
I’m glad to hear you’re feeling better. |
to be inclined |
Commandos are inclined to shoot first and ask questions later. |
to be happy |
We are happy to announce the engagement of our daughter. |
to be pleased |
I'm pleased to tell you that you've got the job. |
to be sad |
I was very sad to hear that he had died. |
Set expressions used with the infinitive
Set expressions |
Examples |
let alone + bare inf |
The baby can't even sit up yet, let alone walk! |
can/ can’t / could / couldn’t but + bare inf |
What could he do but forgive her? She couldn’t but let him know her telephone number. |
to be taken aback |
I was taken aback to find an elderly woman sitting inside the door of the men's room. |
VI. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
Verbs |
Examples |
to admit |
Brian admitted taking the money. |
to anticipate |
They anticipate moving to another premises by the end of the year. |
to appreciate |
I don’t appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen. |
to avoid |
They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. |
can’t face |
I can’t face seeing this awful man again. |
can’t help |
I can’t help thinking he knows more than he told us. |
can’t stand |
Mrs. Perry couldn’t stand being kept waiting. |
to consider |
They are considering buying a new car. |
to contemplate |
I have never contemplated living abroad. |
to delay |
He delayed telling her the news waiting for the right moment. |
to deny |
He denies attempting to rob the bank. |
to detest |
They detest seeing each other. |
to dislike |
I dislike being away from my family. |
to dread |
She dreads her husband finding out. |
to enjoy |
He hardly enjoys dealing with these people. |
to envisage |
I can’t envisage her coping with this job. |
to escape |
He narrowly escaped being killed. |
to excuse |
Excuse my interrupting you. |
to fancy |
Do you fancy going out this evening? |
to feel like |
I don’t feel like going out tonight, let’s stay at home and watch a video. |
to forgive |
Forgive my interrupting but I really don’t agree with you. |
to finish |
I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due. |
to imagine |
I can’t imagine him saying that! |
to intend |
Kristen intends staying in Rome for three days. |
to involve |
The test will involve answering 50 question on the topics learnt. |
to justify |
How can they justify asking to pay such huge taxes? |
to keep |
Keep smiling;you look so nice when you smile. |
to mention |
Did she mention attending classes in Oxford? |
to mind |
Do you mind going there instead of me? |
to miss |
She narrowly missed hitting him. |
to postpone |
It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital. |
to practise |
Practise pronouncing this word correctly. |
to prevent |
Nothing could prevent his (him) speaking against that plan. |
to propose |
How do you propose getting home? |
to put off |
Don’t keep putting off going to the doctor! |
to recollect |
I recollect him (his) saying that it was dangerous. |
to resent |
He bitterly resents being treated like a child. |
to resist |
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. |
to risk |
The conspirators knew they risked being arrested. |
to spend |
The company has spent thousands of pounds updating their computer systems. |
to suggest |
I suggest going in my car. |
to tolerate |
She refused to tolerate being called a liar. |
to understand |
I just can’t understand him taking the money. |
to quit |
If only he could quit smoking! |
