1.11 Answer the following questions

1. What is biology?

2. How does it affect everyone’s life and future?

3. How will new biological research improve peoples’ life?

4. What are the characteristics of living things?

5. What are living organisms and non-living substances made up of?

6. What is the chemical makeup of living organisms?

7. Can microscopic and macroscopic organisms move?

8. How do organisms reproduce?

9. What is metabolism?

10. What is growth?

11. What is the life span of humans?

1.12 Summarize the text

II. Autotroph vs. Heterotroph

2.1 Read the text and fill in the blanks with the phrases given below

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from the substances available 1 _______________________. Heterotrophs cannot 2 _____________________and rely on other organisms — both plants and animals — for nutrition. Technically, the definition is that autotrophs obtain 3 ______________________while heterotrophs get their reduced carbon from other organisms. Autotrophs are usually plants; they are also called 4 ___________________.

synthesize their own food

carbon from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide (CO2)

"self feeders" or "primary producers"

in their surroundings using light or chemical energy (chemosynthesis)

Energy Production

Autotrophs produce their own energy by one of the following two methods:

• Photosynthesis - Photoautotrophs use energy from the sun to

1 __________________ into glucose. Glucose provides energy to plants and is used to make cellulose which is used to build cell walls.

• Chemosynthesis - Chemoautotrophs use energy from chemical reactions to make food. The chemical reactions are usually between 2 _____________. Carbon dioxide is the main source of carbon for Chemoautotrophs.

Food Chain

Autotrophs do not depend on other organism for their food. They are the primary producer and are placed 3 _____________. Heterotrophs that depend on autotrophs and other heterotrophs for their energy level are placed 4 _____________.

Herbivores that feed on autotrophs are placed in the second trophic level. Carnivores that eat meat and omnivores 5 _________________ are placed next in the trophic level.

next on the food chain

hydrogen sulfide/methane with oxygen

first in the food chain

that eat all types of organisms

convert water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air

2.2 Watching the video

a. Match the words with their definitions

nourishing травоядное (каз)

nutritious плотоядное

carnivore питательный

herbivore всеядное

omnivore питательный

b. Watch the video and answer the following questions

1 What is the origin of the word autotroph? What does it mean?

2 What is the origin of the word heterotroph? What does it mean?

3 What is the main difference between them?

4 What are the examples of autotroph and heterotroph?

c. Complete the following sentences

1 Autotrophs produce their energy by ________________

2 The formula of photosynthesis is __________________

3 The formula of cellular respiration is _______________

4 Decomposers eat _______________________________

Unit II