Unit IV

Cell membrane the outer covering of the cell

Cytoplasm the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles

Endoplasmic reticulum a network of membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, involved in the transport of materials

Eukaryote any organism having a cell type that contains organelles in the cytoplasm

Golgi apparatus a membranous complex, involved in intracellular secretion and transport

Identical similar or alike in every way

Lysosome a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death

Membrane the thin, limiting covering of a cell or cell part

Mitochondria an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production

MTOC

Nucleoid the central region in a prokaryotic cell, as a bacterium, that contains the chromosomes and that has no surrounding membrane

Organelle a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ

Phospholipid any of a group of fatty compounds, as lecithin, composed of phosphoric esters, and occurring in living cells

Plasma Membrane cell membrane

Prokaryote any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane

Ribosome a tiny organelle in the cell cytoplasm and functioning as the site of protein manufacture

Self-reproduction the natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated

Spherical having the form of a sphere

Vacuole a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion

Unit V

Centriole a small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides: identical in internal structure to a basal body

Centrosome a small region near the nucleus in the cell cytoplasm, containing the centrioles

Chloroplast a plastid containing chlorophyll

Cilia minute hairlike organelles, identical in structure to flagella that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves, providing locomotion to ciliate protozoans and moving liquids along internal epithelial tissue in animals

Digestion the process in the alimentary canal by which food is broken up physically, as by the action of the teeth, and chemically, as by the action of enzymes, and converted into a substance suitable for absorption and assimilation into the body.

Diffusion act of diffusing; state of being diffused

Dispose to put in a particular or the proper order or arrangement; adjust by arranging the parts

Exchange to give up (something) for something else; part with for some equivalent; change for another.

Osmosis the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.

Packaging an act or instance of packing or forming packages

Peroxisome a cell organelle containing catalase, peroxidase, and other oxidative enzymes and performing essential metabolic functions, as the decomposition of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide.

Permeable capable of being permeated

Rigid stiff or unyielding; not pliant or flexible; hard

Unit VI

Anabolism constructive metabolism; the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones (opposed to catabolism)

ATP adenosine triphosphate: an ester of adenosine and triphosphoric acid

Capture to take by force or stratagem; take prisoner; seize

Catabolism destructive metabolism; the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy (opposed to anabolism

Convert to change (something) into a different form or properties; transmute; transform.

Extract to derive or obtain (pleasure, comfort, etc.) from a particular source

Harvest a supply of anything gathered at maturity and stored

Radiant emitting rays of light; shining; bright

Remainder something that remains or is left

Survive to remain alive after the death of someone, the cessation of something, or the occurrence of some event; continue to live

Variety the state of being varied or diversified