1.2 Read the following words and phrases and give their equivalents in your native language

Trait, inherit, genetic principle, account for, transmission, genetics, to deal with the study of heredity, a segment of DNA, chromosome, allele, dominant, recessive, deoxyribonucleic acid, store, characteristics, determine, ribonucleic acid

1.3 Look at the pictures and name them

1.4 Match the words with their definitions

1 trait	A any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
2 inherit	B any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order
3 transmit	C capable of producing its characteristic phenotype in the organism only when its allele is identical
4 heredity	D to receive (a genetic character) by the transmission of hereditary factors.
5 segment	E a distinguishing characteristic or quality, especially of one's personal nature
6 to code	F DNA
7 chromosome	G the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring
8 dominant	H to pass on (a genetic characteristic) from parent to offspring
9 recessive	I the basic physical unit of heredity
10 gene	J Relating to the form of a gene that expresses a trait, such as hair color, in an individual organism
11 deoxyribonucleic acid	K to specify the amino acid sequence of a protein by the sequence of nucleotides comprising the gene for that protein
12 ribonucleic acid	L RNA
13 allele	M one of the parts into which something naturally separates or is divided

1.5 Fill in the blanks with suitable words

1 The passing of ______ from parents to child is the basis of heredity.

2 The concept of heredity involves: the constancy of a species from generation to ______ and the variation among _______ within a species. Both aspects of heredity can be explained by______, the functional units of heritable material that are found within all living_______.

3 DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary ______ in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell ________ (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the (where it is called mtDNA).

4 An allele is an alternative form of a _____(one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific_______.

5 These DNA codings determine distinct traits that can be passed on from parents to ______through ______ reproduction.

6 The synthesis of _______ takes two steps: transcription and translation.

7 Protein is made of chains of hundreds or thousands of_________.

8 Ribonucleic acid, or RNA is one of the three major biological ______that are important for all known forms of life (along with DNA and proteins).

Cells, sexual, traits, chromosome, macromolecules, mitochondria, material, generation, nucleus, offspring gene, genes, amino acids, individuals, proteins