- •I. What is biology
- •1.1 Read the text to get the main idea, pay attention to the highlighted words
- •1.2 Answer the following questions
- •1.3 Find the sentences in Present Simple in the text and read them.
- •1.4 Read the following words and give their equivalents in your native language
- •1.5 Aids to understanding words
- •1.6 Match the words with their definitions
- •1.7 Read the text again, choose a, b, or c
- •1.8 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.9 Say whether these statements are true or false
- •1.10 Point out the correct answer
- •1.11 Answer the following questions
- •1. What is biology?
- •1.12 Summarize the text
- •II. Autotroph vs. Heterotroph
- •2.1 Read the text and fill in the blanks with the phrases given below
- •2.2 Watching the video
- •I Biological organization
- •1.1 Read the text to get the main idea, pay attention to the highlighted words
- •1.2 Answer the following questions
- •1.3 Read the following words and give their equivalents in your native language
- •1.4 Match the words with their definitions
- •1.4 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.5 Read the text again, choose a, b, or c
- •1.6 Ask questions to the text, using Present Simple Tense
- •1.7 Say whether these statements are true or false
- •1.8 Summarize the text
- •II Levels of organization in an ecosystem
- •2.1 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •2.2 Match the headings with the passages. Rearrange the passages in the logical order
- •Individual, Species, Organism
- •2.3 Watching the video
- •I. The chemistry of life
- •1.1 Read the text and pay attention to the highlighted words
- •Inorganic compounds
- •Vitamins
- •1.2 Read the following words and give their equivalents in your native language
- •1.3 Match the words with their definitions
- •1.4 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.5 Choose a, b, or c
- •1.6 Say whether these statements are true or false
- •1.7 Multiple – Choice
- •2.2 Answer the following questions
- •1. Answer the questions before the passages, then read the text and compare your answers with the given information
- •1. What is a cell? Who discovered it?
- •2. What types of cells do you know?
- •3. What does prokaryote consist of?
- •4. What does eukaryotic cell consist of?
- •1.1 What types of cells are shown in the pictures? Name the units of the cells.
- •1.2 Find the equivalents of the words in the text
- •1.3 Match the noun and the verb
- •1.4 Match the terms with their definitions
- •1.5 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.6 Complete the sentences
- •1.7 Answer the following questions
- •1.8 Summarize the text
- •II From the history of a microscope
- •2.1 Read the text to get the main idea
- •2.2 Answer the following questions
- •Look at the picture and name the main units of the eukaryotic cell
- •Read the text, pay attention to the highlighted words
- •1.2Read the following words and give their equivalents in your native language
- •1.3 Match the words with their definitions
- •1.4 Write the missing letters
- •1.5 Find 10 hidden words.They are arranged horizontally, vertically and diagonally
- •1.6 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.7 Choose a, b or c
- •1.7 Match the sentence halves
- •1.8 Say whether these statements are true or false
- •1.1 Read the words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents
- •1.2. Match the words with their definitions
- •1.3. Look at the pictures and say what is shown there
- •1.4 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.5 Match the sentence halves
- •1.6 Say whether these statements are true or false
- •2.2 Watching the video
- •I. Genetics
- •1.1 Read the text and pay attention to the highlighted words
- •1.2 Read the following words and phrases and give their equivalents in your native language
- •1.3 Look at the pictures and name them
- •1.4 Match the words with their definitions
- •1.5 Fill in the blanks with suitable words
- •1.6 Match the sentence halves
- •1.7 Say whether these statements are true or false
- •I. What is a Biochemistry Laboratory?
- •1.1 Read the text to get the main idea, pay attention to the highlighted words
- •Read the following words and give their equivalents in your native language
- •1.2 Match the words with their definitions
- •1.3 Read the text again with the dictionary. Choose a, b, or c
- •1.4 Match the sentence halves
- •1.5 Name the laboratory equipment and say what theyare used for
- •1.6 Mark the sentences as true or false
- •Focus on new language
- •1.1 Make five true sentences using the words in the chart.
- •1.2 Look at these two sentences and answer the questions
- •1.3 Read the rules and do the exercises
- •1.4. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form
- •1.5Make these sentences passive.
- •Glossary Unit I
- •Unit IV
- •Unit VII
1.5 Match the sentence halves
1 All types of cells need energy
2 Almost all organisms depend on
3 Metabolism is divided into
4 Big molecules are made from simple ones
5 Big molecules are broken down into simple ones
6 In the process of food digestion proteins, carbohydrates and fats
7 During the second stage simple molecules
8 Enzymes speed up reactions because they
9 The equivalent of about 100 million Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs is
10 About two third of the sun energy is
11 Photosynthesis uses
12 Plants and other photosynthetic organisms capture solar energy and
13 Photosynthetic organisms get the energy
14 Autotrophs depend on
15 Cellular respiration is
16 proteins, carbohydrates and fats are broken down
A in catabolism.
B absorbed by the earth and converted into heat
C simpler molecules undergo cellular respiration
D the sun as it is the source of energy
E the amount of radiant energy that reaches the earth from the sun each year
F are broken down into simple molecules.
G to grow and reproduce
H are biochemical catalysts.
I two types: anabolism and catabolism
J into simple molecules during the first stage
K energy from the sun
L and convert it to chemical energy.
M of sunlight by the process of photosynthesis
N less than 2% of the energy that reaches the earth
O in anabolic reactions.
P extracting energy from food molecules
1.6 Say whether these statements are true or false
1 Life processes involve work that is why living things require energy.
2 Living and non-livings organisms capture solar energy and convert it to chemical energy in photosynthesis.
3 Metabolism is not only the sum of the biochemical reactions but also all life activitiesin the cell.
4 In anabolic reactions, such as photosynthesis, big molecules are broken down into simple ones.
5 In catabolism, such as cellular respiration,big molecules are made from simple ones.
6 ATP is an energy source for organisms.
7 In cellular respiration, the chemical energy is absorbed as ATP.
8 Energy in food molecules is released as ATP during the first stage.
9 The chemical energy stored in plants passes to animals when they eat them.
10 Plants produce oxygen by photosynthesis in chloroplasts.
11 Most autotrophs depend on the sun to fuel the synthesis of food.
12 The work of extracting energy from the food molecules is called photosynthesis.
13 Cells generate ATP from food molecules in mitochondria.
Ask questions to the text
Summarize the text in no more than 15 sentences
II Metabolism and body weight
2.1 Read the text and answer the following questions
a. What does our body depend on?
b. How is the excessenergy is stored?
c. Do all people require the same amount of calories?
d. Why do elderly people require less calories?
e. Do men and women need the same amount of calories?
Despite the common belief that metabolism determines whether someone is fat or thin, weight gain depends on energy imbalance. In simple terms, our body weight is a result of catabolism minus anabolism - the amount of energy we release into our bodies (catabolism) minus the amount of energy our bodies use up (anabolism). The excess energy is stored either as fat or glycogen in the muscles and liver. Glycogen is the main storage form of glucose in the body. One gram of fat produces 9 calories, compared with 4 calories from a gram of protein or carbohydrate.
Calorie requirements
A larger body mass requires more calories than a smaller body mass. People with more muscle in relation to fat will require more calories than individuals who weigh the same but have less muscle in relation to fat. Therefore, people with a higher muscle-fat ratio have a higher metabolic rate than people with a lower muscle-fat ratio, if their weight is the same.
Age
As we get older, several factors emerge which result in a lower calorie requirement. Our muscle mass drops, our metabolism alters slightly, resulting in a lower calorie requirement. The following age-related factors reduce our calorie requirement:
Hormones - men produce less testosterone and women produce less estrogen with age - both hormones are involved in anabolic processes that consume energy.
Physical activity - older adults are less physically active than when they were younger.
Gender - men have a higher basal metabolic rate than women because their muscle-to-fat ratio is generally higher than women's. This means that an average man will burn more calories than an average woman of the same age and weight.