4. What does eukaryotic cell consist of?
The nucleus, which houses DNA, is contained within a membrane and separated from other cellular structures. Eukaryote is any cell or organism that has a clearly defined nucleus. A nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus, in which the chromosomes are located. Eukaryotic cells also contain organelles, including mitochondria, a Golgi apparatus an endoplasmicreticulum, MTOC (microtubule-organizing center) and lysosomes.
1.1 What types of cells are shown in the pictures? Name the units of the cells.
1.2 Find the equivalents of the words in the text
Цитол, эндоплазматический ретикулюм, центр организации микротрубочек – ЦОМТ, деление надвое, палочковидный, спиралеобразный, внутриклеточный, мембраносвязанный, самовоспроизводство, одинаковый, клеточная теория, давать возможность, отделение, двухслойный, внутриклеточный, свёртываться, деление надвое, воспроизводиться путём клеточного деления, определяемый, окружать
1.3 Match the noun and the verb
1 carry out a oxygen
2 contain b 100 trillion cells
3 performs c through binary fission
4 transport d in the nucleoid
5 regulate e research
6 coil up f DNA
7 reproduce g different tasks
8 divide h organelles
9 have i the nucleus
10 house j into identical daughter cells
11 surround k a true nucleus
12 contain l the movement
1.4 Match the terms with their definitions
1 self-reproduction |
3 a having the form of a sphere |
2 identical |
4 b any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane |
3 spherical |
6 c a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ. |
4 prokaryote |
2 d similar or alike in every way |
5 membrane |
1e the natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated |
6 organelle |
8 f an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production |
7 vacuole |
5 g a thin sheet or layer of tissue, serving to line an organ, connect parts |
8 mitochondria |
15 h any organism having a cell type that contains organelles in the cytoplasm |
9 lysosome |
10 I cell membrane |
10 plasma membrane |
11 j the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles |
11 cytoplasm |
7 k a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion |
12 ribosome |
9 l a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death |
13 phospholipid |
14 m the central region in a prokaryotic cell, as a bacterium, that contains the chromosomes and that has no surrounding membrane |
14 nucleoid |
13 n any of a group of fatty compounds, as lecithin, composed of phosphoric esters, and occurring in living cells |
15 eukaryote |
12 o a tiny organelle in the cell cytoplasm and functioning as the site of protein manufacture. |
16 Golgi apparatus |
P microtubule-organizing center. |
17 endoplasmic reticulum |
16 q a membranous complex, involved in intracellular secretion and transport |
18 MTOC |
17 r a network of membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, involved in the transport of materials |
19 cell membrane |
18 s the outer covering of the cell |