1.5 Choose a, b, or c

1 96% of an organism’s body is made up from:

a carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

b carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

c hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

2 Atoms consist of

a protons, atoms and electrons

b protons, neutrons and electrons

c cells, neutrons and electrons

3 Atoms joined by chemical bonds create

a molecules

b neutrons

c electrons

4 Water is the most important

a element

b organic compound

c inorganic compound

5 Minerals needed for bone growth are

a proteins, lipids and vitamins

b enzymes, hormones, and nucleic acids

c calcium and potassium

6 The primary energy source for all organisms is

a water

b vitamins

c carbohydrates

7 Some carbohydrates are called

a vitamins

b sugars

c hormones

8 Glucose is very important for

a muscle cells

b bone cells

c brain cells

9 Lipids have

a regulatory functions

b protective and supportive functions

c messengers’ functions

10 Proteins are used as

a messengers

b body defense

c source of energy

11Antibodies are made up of

a protein

b Lipid

c enzyme

12 Vitamins are

a source of energy

b regulator molecules

c messengers

13 Biochemical reactions arespeeded up by

a lipids

b vitamins

c enzymes

14 Pepsin acts in protein digestion

a in the stomach

b in the lungs

c in the heart

15Hormones carry messages from

a pancreas to body cells

b one organ to another organ

c theheart to blood vessels

16 Nucleic acids control all life activities

a in the organ

b in the tissue

c in the cell

1.6 Say whether these statements are true or false

1 An element can be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical reactions.

2 Proton is a positively charged elementary particle.

3 Compounds are formed by joining different atoms by chemical bonds.

4 An inorganic compound is a compound that is not considered "organic".

5 All life processes need water.

6 Calcium and potassium are needed for tissue growth.

7 Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, and nucleic acids are organic compounds.

8 Some types of carbohydrates are called sugars.

9 We get carbohydrates from plants.

10 Insufficient consumption of fat can cause arteriosclerosis.

11Plants have lipids.

12 Proteins are very important in an organisms' body.

13 All living and non-living organisms have proteins.

14 Hair and fingernails are made up of proteins, that cause their strength.

15 Vitamins are regulator molecules because they regulate energy production.

16 Enzymes slow down life processes.

17 Hormones regulate body functions as they are chemical messengers that provide communication among organs.

18 DNA and RNA are the sulfuric acid found in the cells.

1.7 Multiple – Choice

Choose the correct answer

1. Which of the following is an organic compound?

A) Water B) Nitrogen C) Fat D) Iron E) Carbon dioxide

2. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes anemia?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin КС) Vitamin E D) Vitamin D E) Vitamin С

3. Which of the following is an inorganic compound?

A) Carbohydrates B) Fats C) Vitamins D) Water E) Nucleic acids

4. Which of the following is a director molecule?

A) Vitamin-A B) Protein C) DNA D) Lipid E) Sugar

5. Which of the following gives more energy than the others?

A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Vitamins E) Water

1.8 Ask questions to the text

1.9 Summarize the text

II What Are Carbohydrates?

2.1 Read the text and fill in the blanks with the phrases given below

Foods high in carbohydrates include breads, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk products.Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.

They are important to a healthy life.Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They are called carbohydratesbecauseat the chemical level, they contain

1 ______________________________.

Carbohydrates provide fuel for the central nervous system and energy for working muscles. They are important for brain function.

Carbohydrates are classified as simple or complex. The difference between the two forms is the chemical structure and 2___________________________.

Simple carbohydrates contain just one or two sugars, such as 3_____________________________. These single sugars are called monosaccharides. Carbs with two sugars — such as sucrose (table sugar), lactose (from dairy) and maltose (found in beer and some vegetables) - 4______________.

Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) have three or more sugars. They are often referred to 5_____________________________, peanuts, potatoes, corn, parsnips, whole-grain breads and cereals.

In the body, carbs break down into smaller units of sugar, such as glucose and fructose. The liver converts all of these sugars into glucose, 6_________________________for basic body functioning and physical activity.

are called disaccharides.

how quickly the sugar is absorbed and digested at the chemical level, they contain

which is carried through the bloodstream and converted into energy

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

fructose (found in fruits) and galactose (found in milk products)

as starchy foods and include beans, peas, lentils