II курс вариант I

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

Environmental Problems of Land Conservation

Land conservation problems call for much the same measures that are aimed at improving the environment. Environmental problems crowd the farm land from several directions.

Some of the important problems arise because of the movement of undesirable odors, smoke and chemical substances. This tendency is known as air pollution.

Many large cities together with numerous rural areas are now plagued with air pollution problems. These are old problems. They are complicated and aggravated by adding the fumes from automobiles and the smoke and chemical wastes from manufacturing and smelting plants.

Some of the worst damage from chemical substances has been caused by the sulphur dioxide fumes given off by smelting plants. The smelter fumes may injure vegetation as far as 15 kilometres from the plant. High and increasing concentrations of sulphur and other chemicals in the air sooner or later have an effect on land fertility and plant growth.

The quality of farm may be also affected by water pollution, particularly by accumulation of heavy metals in the soils through waste disposal. Pollutants may be tied in with irrigation or excessive use of fertilizers. Excessive nutrients, salts, pesticides, organics in soils may limit the utility of the land. Water temperature increase from certain agricultural related activities may also damage the fertility of the soils.

Land can be conserved and pollution reduced in sereval ways – by prevention of erosion, and by providing measures to control transpiration and evaporation, stream regulations, storage reservoirs, diversion from surplus to shortage areas and reuse of water. Water conservation practices and control of sediment and pollution secure the wise use of land resources.

The State Land Use Control is responsible for land conservation measures by all users. The range of such activities are broadening all the time.

Задание 2. Задайте письменно один общий и три специальных вопроса к тексту.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами.

1. Works … be based on sound cadastral survey.

2. The students … use dictionaries at the translation test.

3. The land users … accept practices that do not damage the soils and permit their effective use.

4. You … control the temperature of the mixture.

Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола.

1. This soil is good enough to cultivate it.

2. Knowing English well, he translated the text without a dictionary.

3. In considering the question don’t forget to use the latest information on the subject.

4. It is necessary to finish the construction of the new irrigation canal by the end of July.

5. Here is the article to be translated.

Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She delivered the report in English.

2. The students often see him in the library.

3. A land use planner makes different schemes for proper use of land.

Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык.

1. Наши потребности в земельных ресурсах постоянно растут.

2. Специалист должен постоянно помнить, что для целей промышленности и транспорта следует отводить самые неплодородные земли.

3. Информация о земли включает землевладение, землепользование и потенциал земельных ресурсов.

Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

invariably, recognizable, partner, limited, rural.