Topic 7

Punishment

Ex.1 Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
1. penalty	покарання (штраф)
2. measure	міра
3. an exceptional measure	виключна міра
4. compulsion	примус
5. to apply(by) (to)	застосовувати (кимось) до…
6. guilty (of)	винний
7. to combine	поєднувати
8. education	виховання
9. to provide for	передбачати
10. deprivation of liberty	позбавлення волі
11. life sentence	довічне позбавлення волі
12. corrective labour	виправні роботи
13. a period	термін, строк
14. to serve a period (a term)	відбувати термін (строк)
15. particularly grave crime	особливо тяжкий злочин
16. particularly dangerous offender	особливо небезпечний злочинець
17. to reach the age of	досягати віку…
18. to sentence (to)	засуджувати (до)
19. corrective colony	виправна колонія
20. juvenile	підліток
21. to involve	включати в себе
22. to remain at liberty	залишатись на свободі
23. premeditated murder	умисне вбивство
24. under aggravating circumstances	при обтяжуючих обставинах
25. to define ( by law)	визнавати (законом)

Ex.2 Read and translate the text.

Punishment

Under Criminal Law punishment is a measure of state compulsion, applied only by law court to persons guilty of committing a crime. It combines punishment and education.

Criminal Law provides for the following penalties. Deprivation of liberty is applied for a period of from 1 year to ten years, while for particularly grave crimes and in cases of particularly dangerous offenders it is applied for a period up to 15 years.

A person who has not reached the age of 18 at the time when the crime is committed may not be sentenced to deprivation of liberty for more than 10 years. Deprivation of liberty is served in corrective colonies or in prison. Juveniles serve their sentence in special colonies.

Corrective labour does not involve deprivation of liberty and is applied for a period of 6 months to 2 years. Persons sentenced to corrective labour remain at liberty, serving their sentence either at their place of work or at some other place not far from their home.

Life sentence may be applied as an exceptional measure for crimes against the state, premeditated murder under aggravating circumstances, and also for other crimes, specially defined by law (From…..).

Ex. 3. Word Study. Here are some words connected with law, punishment and crime. If necessary, use a dictionary to help you check that you understand what all mean. Then divide them into three groups, in what seems to you to be the most logical way.

thief death penalty rehabilitation bribery

juvenile delinquency terrorist omission arsonist

life imprisonment traffic warden death penalty code

probation lawyer aggravated assault abuse

drunken driving burglar torture warrant

malfeasance penitentiary system corporal punishment

fine corrective labour institution

Ex. 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What is punishment?

2. What penalties does criminal law provide for?

3. What period is deprivation of liberty applied for?

4. Where is deprivation of liberty served?

5. Where do juveniles serve their sentence?

6. Does corrective labour involve deprivation of liberty?

7. What period is corrective labour applied for?

8. Where do persons sentenced to corrective labour serve their sentence?

9. What is life sentence applied for?

Ex. 5. Civil and Criminal Penalties

A. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place below and in appropriate form.

to be imposed innocent community service to reduce to vary imprisonment corporal punishment to be released fine suspended to abolish to deter death penalty harsh

There are several kinds of punishment available to court. In civil cases the most common punishment is ….. .

For criminal offences fines are also often used when the offense is not a serious one and when the offender has not been in trouble before. Another kind of punishment is available in some countries is ….. .

This requires the offender to certain amount of unpaid work, usually for a social institution such as hospital. For more serious crimes the usual punishment is ….. .

Some prison sentences are …: the offender is not sent to prison if keeps out of trouble for a fixed period of time, but if he does offend again both suspended sentence and any new one will ……. . The length of sentences …… from a few days to a lifetime. However, a life sentence may allow the prisoner ….. after a suitably long period if a review (parole) board agrees his detention no longer serves a purpose. In some countries , such as the Netherlands, living conditions in prison are fairly good because it is felt that deprivation of liberty is punishment in itself and shouldn’t be so ….. that it ….. the possibility of the re-educating and reforming himself. In other countries, conditions are rather bad. Britain and the USA are trying to solve the shortage of space by allowing private companies to open prisons.

In some countries there is also …… (physical). In Saudi Arabia theft and possession of alcohol may be punished by cutting off the offender’s hand or foot. They believe that it deters other from committing such crimes.

The ultimate penalty is death But many countries have … it or ceased to use the ……. because the innocent people can be executed by mistake.

B. Underline the kinds of punishment mentioned in the text and give Ukrainian equivalents for them. Remember them.

Ex.6. Complete the following text with the words and expressions given before the text: