- •1. Basic properties and functions of biological membranes.
- •2. Transport of substance through membrane.
- •3. Methods of research of structure and functions of biological membranes: optical microscopy, electronic microscopy
- •4. Methods of research of structure and functions of biological membranes: method of diffraction of X-rays radiation, luminescent methods, nuclear magnetic resonance research
- •5. Potential of rest:
- •6. Potential of action.
- •7. Properties of liquids.
- •8. Superficial tension. Method of falling drops.
- •9. The general scheme of transfer and registration of the information. Electrodes.
- •10. Sensors. Kinds of sensors.
- •11. Application of sensors.
- •14. Kinds of X-rays.
- •16. Law of weakening of X-rays.
- •17. Methods of using of X-rays in medicine.
- •18. Structure of a nucleus, nuclear forces. Energy of connection of nucleons.
- •19. Radioactivity. Kinds of radioactive disintegrations.
- •20. The basic law of radioactive disintegration. A half-life period.
- •21. Ionizing radioactive radiation and its biological action.
- •22. The absorbed and exposition doze. Power of a doze.Relative biological efficiency.
- •23. Heart. Biophysical property of heart.
- •24. Rhythm of heart. Parameters of cardiac activity.Heart tones.
- •25. Electric activity of cells of a myocardium.
- •26. The electrocardiogram. Main assignments of ecg.
- •27. Basic peaks of ecg.
- •28. Imposing of electrodes at ecg. Main assignments.
- •30. Basic rhythms of eeg.
- •31. Technique of record of electroencephalogram.
- •32. Methods of research of electroencephalograms. Magnetoencephalography.
- •33. Luminescence and its kinds.
- •34. Stimulated radiation. Laser.
- •35. Mechanisms of action of laser radiation on biological tissues.
- •36. Aplication of laser radiation in medicine. (lilr, hilr)
- •38. Dispersion of light.
- •40. Law of Buger-Lambert-Ber. Optical density and transparency of substance.
- •41. Method of determination of substance concentration. Method of the caliber graph, method of comparison.
- •42. Polarization of light by bio-systems. Light natural and polarized.
- •43. Phenomenon of double refraction. Dichroism.
- •44. Research of microstructures in polarizing light.
- •45. Rotation of a plane of fluctuations of polarized light.
- •46) Special methods of light microscopy. Method of a dark field.Method of a light field.
- •47) Method of phase contrast. Polarizing microscopy.
- •48) The method interference contrast. Method of research in a view of a luminescence.
- •49) Device of a microscope. Characteristics of microscope.
- •50) Kinds of muscles and its properties.
- •51) Contractive apparatus of the muscles.
- •52) Basic provisions of model of sliding strings.
- •53) Biomechanics of a muscle.
- •54) Electromechanical interface in muscles.
- •55) Stages of a breath. Gas exchange in lungs.
- •56) Surfactant, its importance.
- •57) Biomechanics of external breath.
- •58) Ventilation of lungs. Act of inhalation, act of exhalation.
- •59) Elastic draft of lungs.
- •60) Pulmonary resistance. Extensibility.Minute volume of breath.
- •61) Bernoulli’s equation. Static and dynamics pressure.
- •62) Viscosity of liquid. Laminar and turbulent fluid flow.
- •63) Current of a liquid on a horizontal pipe. Puazal’s law.
- •64) Definition of speed of blood-groove.
- •65) Physical bases of rheography.
- •66) Hemodynamics. Linear and volumetric speed of blood-groove.
- •67) Physical model of vascular system.
- •68) Measurement of pressure of blood.
- •69) Systolic, diastolic, pulse pressures. Pulse wave.
- •70) Work of heart.
- •71) Systolic and minute volume of a blood-groove.
- •72) Biophysical features of an aorta. Arterial and venous pulse.
- •73) Introscopy, its kinds.
- •74) Computer tomograph.
- •75) Magnetic-resonant tomography.
- •76) Ultrasonic (Ultrasonic diagnostics).
- •77) Influence of electromagnetic fields. Diathermy, darsonvalism, inductothermy, uhf-therapy.
- •78) Physiotherapy. Ultrasonic therapy, microwave therapy.
- •79) Amplipulse therapy, microcurrent therapy, magnetotherapy.
- •80) Mobility of ions. Electrophoresis its kinds.
- •81) Medicinal electrophoresis.
- •82) Galvanizing.
- •83) Electrosecurity.
- •84) Primary stages of photobiological processes.
- •85) Photochemical reactions.
- •86) Chemiluminescence and its diagnostic importance.
- •87) Migration of energy.
- •88) Action of ultra-violet radiation on proteins and nucleonic acids.
- •89) Modelling. The basic stages of modeling.
- •90) Modelling. Classification of models.
86) Chemiluminescence and its diagnostic importance.
Chemiluminiscence– the radiation of bodies in the visible range in case of course of chemical reaction. This effect is based that as a result of some chemical interactions energy can be emitted, and it is distinguished in the form of light. It is connected with transitions of electrons between energy levels. On conservation law, an electron, passing from higher energy level to lower shall give the part of the energy equal to a difference of energies of these levels. Return can happen both in the form of allocation of heat, and in the form of emission of quantum of light.
The spontaneous chemiluminescence is divided into three main types:
-mitogenic radiation
-bioluminescence, or exotic luminescence
-superweak luminescence
Mitogenic radiation is an ultra-violet radiation (190-320 nanometers) as which substratum serve proteins and carbohydrates. this radiation stimulates cellular division.
Bioluminescence - the luminescence (420-710 nanometers) inherent in many organisms (bacteria, glowworms, some fishes, mushrooms and protozoa) perceived by an eye. In all cases the bioluminescence is result of enzymatic oxidation of special substances - lyutsiferin which molecules at oxidation are capable to pass into the excited state. The enzyme catalyzing oxidation of lyutsiferin has received the name of a lyutsiferaza.
The superweak luminescence - is a radiation of live organisms, fabrics, cells, their gomogenat and some biosubstrata in visible and infrared area of a range (360-800 nanometers). He can be registered by means of the special receiver of radiation - the photoelectronic multiplier with the photometric installation working in the mode of the counter of photons.
Recently researches have been conducted: luminescences of plasma and serum of blood in the conditions of a stress and in case of various diseases. In case of a stress intensity of a luminescence of plasma of blood increases that specifies strengthening in blood of activity of free radical oxidation. At the same time products of oxidation strengthen destructive processes in cages. inflammatory process in lungs is followed by activization of free radical oxidation and the corresponding increase of level of a luminescence of serum of blood. At the same time intensity of a luminescence depends on degree of expressiveness of inflammatory process. The phase of development of a tumor is characterized by the lowered intensity of a luminescence of blood. Researches on sick people have revealed similar regularity: level of a luminescence of serum of blood of patients with malignant diseases was lowered in comparison with a luminescence of serum of blood of healthy people. At suffering from tuberculosis lungs irrespective of its form the luminescence of serum of blood is raised in comparison with regulation. At patients with cancer of a lung the luminescence of serum of blood was lower, than at healthy faces.