- •1. Basic properties and functions of biological membranes.
- •2. Transport of substance through membrane.
- •3. Methods of research of structure and functions of biological membranes: optical microscopy, electronic microscopy
- •4. Methods of research of structure and functions of biological membranes: method of diffraction of X-rays radiation, luminescent methods, nuclear magnetic resonance research
- •5. Potential of rest:
- •6. Potential of action.
- •7. Properties of liquids.
- •8. Superficial tension. Method of falling drops.
- •9. The general scheme of transfer and registration of the information. Electrodes.
- •10. Sensors. Kinds of sensors.
- •11. Application of sensors.
- •14. Kinds of X-rays.
- •16. Law of weakening of X-rays.
- •17. Methods of using of X-rays in medicine.
- •18. Structure of a nucleus, nuclear forces. Energy of connection of nucleons.
- •19. Radioactivity. Kinds of radioactive disintegrations.
- •20. The basic law of radioactive disintegration. A half-life period.
- •21. Ionizing radioactive radiation and its biological action.
- •22. The absorbed and exposition doze. Power of a doze.Relative biological efficiency.
- •23. Heart. Biophysical property of heart.
- •24. Rhythm of heart. Parameters of cardiac activity.Heart tones.
- •25. Electric activity of cells of a myocardium.
- •26. The electrocardiogram. Main assignments of ecg.
- •27. Basic peaks of ecg.
- •28. Imposing of electrodes at ecg. Main assignments.
- •30. Basic rhythms of eeg.
- •31. Technique of record of electroencephalogram.
- •32. Methods of research of electroencephalograms. Magnetoencephalography.
- •33. Luminescence and its kinds.
- •34. Stimulated radiation. Laser.
- •35. Mechanisms of action of laser radiation on biological tissues.
- •36. Aplication of laser radiation in medicine. (lilr, hilr)
- •38. Dispersion of light.
- •40. Law of Buger-Lambert-Ber. Optical density and transparency of substance.
- •41. Method of determination of substance concentration. Method of the caliber graph, method of comparison.
- •42. Polarization of light by bio-systems. Light natural and polarized.
- •43. Phenomenon of double refraction. Dichroism.
- •44. Research of microstructures in polarizing light.
- •45. Rotation of a plane of fluctuations of polarized light.
- •46) Special methods of light microscopy. Method of a dark field.Method of a light field.
- •47) Method of phase contrast. Polarizing microscopy.
- •48) The method interference contrast. Method of research in a view of a luminescence.
- •49) Device of a microscope. Characteristics of microscope.
- •50) Kinds of muscles and its properties.
- •51) Contractive apparatus of the muscles.
- •52) Basic provisions of model of sliding strings.
- •53) Biomechanics of a muscle.
- •54) Electromechanical interface in muscles.
- •55) Stages of a breath. Gas exchange in lungs.
- •56) Surfactant, its importance.
- •57) Biomechanics of external breath.
- •58) Ventilation of lungs. Act of inhalation, act of exhalation.
- •59) Elastic draft of lungs.
- •60) Pulmonary resistance. Extensibility.Minute volume of breath.
- •61) Bernoulli’s equation. Static and dynamics pressure.
- •62) Viscosity of liquid. Laminar and turbulent fluid flow.
- •63) Current of a liquid on a horizontal pipe. Puazal’s law.
- •64) Definition of speed of blood-groove.
- •65) Physical bases of rheography.
- •66) Hemodynamics. Linear and volumetric speed of blood-groove.
- •67) Physical model of vascular system.
- •68) Measurement of pressure of blood.
- •69) Systolic, diastolic, pulse pressures. Pulse wave.
- •70) Work of heart.
- •71) Systolic and minute volume of a blood-groove.
- •72) Biophysical features of an aorta. Arterial and venous pulse.
- •73) Introscopy, its kinds.
- •74) Computer tomograph.
- •75) Magnetic-resonant tomography.
- •76) Ultrasonic (Ultrasonic diagnostics).
- •77) Influence of electromagnetic fields. Diathermy, darsonvalism, inductothermy, uhf-therapy.
- •78) Physiotherapy. Ultrasonic therapy, microwave therapy.
- •79) Amplipulse therapy, microcurrent therapy, magnetotherapy.
- •80) Mobility of ions. Electrophoresis its kinds.
- •81) Medicinal electrophoresis.
- •82) Galvanizing.
- •83) Electrosecurity.
- •84) Primary stages of photobiological processes.
- •85) Photochemical reactions.
- •86) Chemiluminescence and its diagnostic importance.
- •87) Migration of energy.
- •88) Action of ultra-violet radiation on proteins and nucleonic acids.
- •89) Modelling. The basic stages of modeling.
- •90) Modelling. Classification of models.
73) Introscopy, its kinds.
Introscopy - (intro - inside) not destroying research of internal structure of object and processes proceeding in it by means of sound waves, electromagnetic radiation of various ranges, a constant and variable electromagnetic field and streams of elementary particles.
It is possible to allocate three basic kinds of introscopy methods:
Projective - reception of the shadow image of object;
Tomographic - reception tomographic images of object;
Echosounding, including Doppler’s echosounding.
Projective methods. In projective methods sounding (irradiation) of object from some foreshortening and receive its shadow image (projection) is spent. X-ray radiation (rontgenography) is used as probing radiation more often.
Tomography methods. A method of radiological research by means of which it is possible to make a picture of the layer lying on certain depth of investigated object. Reception of a level-by-level picture is based on moving of two of three components (an x-ray tube, an x-ray film, object of research).
Echosounding. Some methods of echosounding (for example, usual, wrongly carry to a tomography that terminologically not truly. In ultrasonic research also receive the image of some section, but the method of its reception is not tomographic: there is no a shooting with many foreshortenings in crossed directions and, the most important, there is no decision of return tomographic problems.
74) Computer tomograph.
Computer tomograph (CT) is a combination of x-ray installation and a computer. X-ray installation does pictures of the patient under different corners, (cuts) which are processed and summarized by a computer - the image allowing doctors "to glance" inside of a body of the patient turns out.
-The computer tomography of a brain and skull allows the doctor to see tumors, sites of an insult, a hematoma, pathology of blood vessels and crises.
-The computer tomography of a neck is applied to detection of tumors and research of the reasons of increase cervical lymph nodes.
-The computer tomography of a thorax is appointed for specification of changes of the lungs revealed at photoroentgenography or rontgenography.
-The computer tomography of a belly cavity and a basin is often applied at a trauma of a stomach, to exact diagnostics of the suspected pathology before operation.
-The computer tomography of a backbone helps to reveal hernias of a disk, narrowing of the channel of a spinal cord.
75) Magnetic-resonant tomography.
Magnetic-resonant tomography (MRT) - tomography method of research of internal bodies of the person with use of the physical phenomenon of a nuclear-magnetic resonance - the method is based on measurement of the electro-magnetic response of atoms of hydrogen on excitation by certain combination of electro-magnetic waves in a constant magnetic field of a high tension. The principle of work of a magnetic-resonant tomograph is based on nuclear-magnetic a resonance of atoms of substance in a strong magnetic field.