Контрольная работа № 2

Проработайте следующие разделы по учебнику:

1. Активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future);

формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future);

формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

2. Пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future);

3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты;

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные и бессоюзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия;

5. Интернациональные слова.

I вариант

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; определите в каждом из них глагол–

сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите

предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных

конструкций.

a) 1. In some places people use stone because of the scarcity of timber.

2. Modern construction site is becoming a vast industrial enterprise.

3. They have provided safeties for those who work on roofs.

b) 1. New criteria of comfort were established.

2. A great percentage of the houses are constructed by house-building plants.

3. Many irrigation systems have been built and modernized in this country.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения с определительными и

дополнительными придаточными предложениями. Обратите внимание на

бессоюзные придаточные предложения. Переведите предложения на русский

язык.

1. The new construction materials our researchers developed are durable and

resistant.

2. It is doubtful that the pyramids of Egypt could have appeared without the existence

of roads.

3. We know a stone is homogeneous in its structure.

4. The cells wood consists of are called fibres.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них

модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский

язык.

1. Young specialists are provided with everything. They must follow a scientific

career and make significant contributions to the development of science.

2. Superintendents must control and supervise the work of bricklayers and fitters.

3. When the foundation was laid, the specialists were to follow the protection rules,

and express their concerns.

4. A qualified construction worker is able to read a technical drawing.

5. Modern houses should provide more sun and air in living rooms.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Cement

Materials used for structural purposes should meet several requirements. In most cases it is important that they should be hard, durable, fire-resistant and easily fastened together. Building materials are divided into three main groups:

1) main building materials such as bricks and artificial stones, timber and metals;

2) building materials such as lime, gypsum and cement;

3) secondary or auxiliary materials, which are used for the interior parts of the building.

Concrete should meet several requirements and these demands vary to a great extent. One of the essential properties of concrete is its compressive strength. From the time of its first production, more than a century ago, there was a steady and gradual improvement in the compressive strength of Portland Cement. With the cement now available much higher strength can be obtained than some 30 or 40 years ago. The increase in strength is partly due to the increased fineness to which modern cement is ground.

Cement develops heat during hydration. This is of considerable importance in certain types of concrete constructions, particularly in structures of large volume, such as dams, massive retaining walls and the like. A very high rate of heat development is advantageous for work done in cold weather, because it protects the fresh concrete from the effect of low temperatures.

We can’t obtain all properties desired in any one cement. Selection of the cement alone does not ensure concrete with the properties desired, which depend also on the choice of aggregates and mixes, the control of the quantity of water added to the mix, and on a number of other factors.

Cement is made of limestone and clay. It is burnt at a high temperature and ground up into power. Depending on the kind and composition of the raw materials, different types of cement are obtained.

Portland cement, blast furnaces cement are suitable for putting up marine structures.

Cement is powder which, when mixed with water, becomes hard limestone. If we mix cement with sand and stones, we get concrete.

V. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What materials should meet several requirements?

2. What should these materials be?

3. What kinds of cement are suitable for putting up marine structures?