Вариант III

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-

временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Since the development of steel and concrete the use of stone has been confined to the facing of a building.

2. Plastics are divided in respect to their properties into rigid, semi-rigid, soft and plastic.

3. Many ambitious projects to construct new buildings and do it economically are being made at this design office now.

4. New types of glues will be employed in the plywood industry to make it resistant to moisture and splitting.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. We don’t know if the ancient roads had any smooth surface.

2. It is doubtful that stone walls have to be made considerably thicker than walls of the same height in brick.

3. In certain classes of buildings, office buildings for example, there is always to be the possibility of the relocation of partitions.

4. Some rocks didn’t have to be replaced, because they withstood the action of frost and snow erosion.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. Brick is not suitable for underground work to be made.

2. Nowadays it is not necessary to make all structures in stone.

3. Stucco is a plaster applied to the exterior of buildings to form a finishing coat.

4. Loads may be either gradually or suddenly applied.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие

предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные

обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. We observe prefabricated units be delivered here every day.

2. The work of a superintendent seems to be the most essential on the construction site.

3. Terra-cotta is considered to be fireproof and non-resistant to acids.

4. We know the front of Moscow University to have been decorated with small, artistic, ceramic details.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения,

обращая внимание на перевод выделенных слов.

1. Brick is used as a substitute for other materials that are found in a natural state, for it is more suitable for building purposes.

2. Decay in granite is generally due to the presence of unstable minerals.

3. The modern factory building is usually constructed of either steel or reinforced concrete.

VI. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Rock

Everywhere beneath the soil which covers the surface of the earth we find rock; the term “rock” is applied to any bed layer or mass of the earth’s crust. Rocks are made of mineral matter whose form is the result of the action of geological processes. The deepest of them are rocks of crystalline structure. Rocks are either simple minerals or aggregations of minerals. A rock may consist of one mineral species, as limestones, or of several ingredients, as granite. By minerals, we mean these natural substances which occur in nature, each having definite physico-chemical properties and a particular crystalline form.

The material constituting the Earth’s crust may be primarily divided into stratified and unstratified rocks. Stratified rocks are those formed by the disintegration of igneous rocks and containing the remains of animal and vegetable matter. Unstratified rocks comprise the deep-lying portions of original igneous rock formed by the cooling of the earth’s crust, and the lava and other materials ejected by volcanoes.

Stratified rocks are not always in even layers of the same thickness and of the same material: the layers vary enormously in thickness and even in one particular district may be much thicker in one part than in another. Again, the original igneous rocks may have differed in composition in some strata; certain ingredients are absent, which are numerous in others.

We may now briefly describe some of the principle rocks according to the materials they consist of and the uses they are put to. Many of approximately different kinds of rocks were formed from similar ingredients which, according to the depth at which they occur, and the pressure, heat or chemical action which they were subjected to, have assumed different characters. Of these we know argillaceous rocks to consist mainly of clay, arenaceous are composed chiefly of siliceous or sandy matter, and calcareous rocks are a tiny character composing the remains of once living creatures.

VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по содержанию текста:

1. Where do we find rock?

2. How can we divide the material constituting the Earth’s crust?