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С.А. Чеканова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Учебно-методическое пособие к учебнику “Raise the Issues”
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МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ (УНИВЕРСИТЕТ) МИД РОССИИ
Институт внешнеэкономических связей
Кафедра английского языка № 5
С.А. Чеканова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
к учебнику “Raise the Issues”
для студентов IV курса ИВЭС
2-е издание,
исправленное и дополненное
Издательство
«МГИМО-Университет»
2010
ББК 81.2Англ
Ч37
Ч37 |
Чеканова С.А. Английский язык : учебно-методич. пособие к учебнику “Raise the Issues” для студентов IV курса ИВЭС / С.А. Чеканова. Моск. гос. ин-т междунар. отношений (ун-т) МИД России, Институт внешнеэкономич. связей, каф. англ. яз. № 5. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — М. : МГИМО-Университет, 2010. — 121 с. ISBN 978-5-9228-0635-0 Данное пособие содержит дополнительные материалы к учебнику “Raise the Issues” (автор – Кэрол Намрич, 2002). Цель пособия – обеспечить совершенствование навыков изучающего, просмотрового и поискового чтения, аннотирования, реферирования, ведения беседы-дискуссии, а также закрепление активной лексики, выделенной в учебнике “Raise the Issues”. Пособие предназначено для студентов IV курса ИВЭС. Предыдущее издание вышло в 2006 г. |
ББК 81.2Англ
ISBN 978-5-9228-0635-0 © Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России, 2010
© Чеканова С.А., 2006
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАПИСКА 6
preparing and writing a summary 7
UNIT 1. THE INTERNET: A DRIVING FORCE FOR CHANGE? 8
1.1. Be an Internet Millionaire and We May Like You 8
1.2. Nowhere to Hide 10
1.3. В Интернет за покупками 13
1.4. Кто пишет вирусы? 14
1.5. How the Internet Became a Big Boy 16
1.6. Интернет для усопших 20
1.7. Виртуальная страна обмана 21
1.8. Определение Интернета 24
UNIT 2. BETTER DEAD THAN COED? 27
2.1. Single-Sex Education 27
2.2. My Daughter Would Have Been Better off at a School with Some Boys 29
2.3. Why Single-Sex Schools Are Bad for Your Health (If You Are a Boy) 31
2.4. Single-Sex Education 33
2.5. Зачем нужно раздельное обучение мальчиков и девочек в школе? 35
2.6. Мальчики плюс/минус девочки: есть ли будущее у раздельного обучения 38
2.7. Что ждет выпускников «однополых» школ. Зарубежный опыт 41
UNIT 4. ECONOMIC MIGHT VS. ECOLOGIC RIGHT 44
4.1. Tourism: a Mixed Blessing 44
4.2. Hard Luck, Bambi 46
4.3. A Bear’s Dream 47
4.4. Зеленый туризм 49
4.5. Перемена мест 50
4.6. Animal Rights 51
4.7. Экотуризм – дополнительная проблема экологов 52
4.8. «Ноев ковчег» для вымирающих животных 54
UNIT 6. TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LESS OR LESS ABOUT MORE 58
6.1. Today, Even B Students Are Getting Squeezed out 58
6.2. Threat to Universities 60
6.3. Британские студенты предпочитают искусство математике 62
6.4. Карьера: вертикальный взлет 63
6.5. Учебу оценивает работодатель 65
6.6. Cила и слабость европейских вузов 68
6.7. Учимся, не выходя из дома 70
UNIT 7. “JUST SAY ‘NO’ TO DRUGS” 73
7.1. Что такое наркомания 73
7.2. Bright Kids, Bad Business 75
7.3. Употребление наркотиков: проблема, стоящая перед США вот уже 100 лет 77
7.4. Отсутствуют перспективы легализации наркотиков в России 79
7.5. Crime, Drink and Drugs in Wales 83
7.6. Наркотики в ночных клубах 85
7.7. Ketamine Squad Turns on Doctors 87
7.8. Школа против наркотиков 89
7.9. Возможна ли легализация наркотиков в России? 90
UNIT 9. THE GLOBAL VILLAGE 93
9.1. Perspective: the Myth of the Global Executive 93
9.2. The Do’s and Don’t’s of Doing Business in Japan 95
9.3. Нас извлекут из-под прилавка 98
9.4. Зачем им ВТО? 100
9.5. Melting Pot 102
9.6. Глобализация и этногенез 105
9.7. Глобализация 107
9.8. Антиглобализм 109
UNIT 10. “FOR EVERY WINNER, THERE IS A LOSER” 111
10.1. Easy Money 111
10.2. Gambling 114
10.3. Игромания 114
10.4. «Однорукие бандиты» в России 116
10.5. Как поставить на футбол 118
10.6. Можно ли выиграть у «однорукого бандита» 119
10.7. Их жизнь – игра… 121
Методическая записка
Данное пособие содержит дополнительные материалы к учебнику “Raise the Issues” (автор – Кэрол Намрич, 2002). Целью пособия является обеспечить совершенствование навыков изучающего, просмотрового и поискового чтения, аннотирования, реферирования, ведения беседы-дискуссии, а также закрепление активной лексики, выделенной в учебнике “Raise the Issues”. В выборе тематики, определении объема материала и его содержания автор руководствовался требованиями программы.
Пособие состоит из 7 разделов, тематически связанных с уроками 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10 из учебника “Raise the Issues”.
Каждый раздел включает в себя тексты публицистического характера из англо-американской и российской прессы, сопровождающиеся упражнениями, помогающими студентам выделить основную информацию и логически изложить ее при аннотировании и реферировании, а также способствующими расширению и активизации лексики и обучению коммуникативно-ориентированным высказываниям: комментированию, аргументации, дискуссии.
Объем и различный уровень сложности предложенного материала предоставляет возможность выбора при работе со студентами, которые занимались по программам начинающего, продолжающего и продвинутого потоков.
preparing and writing a summary
A summary contains the essential information from a text. In a general way, writing a summary can help you check if you have understood or remembered the main ideas of any reading passage. Being able to write a summary is a necessary skill when gathering information for research papers. Summarizing facts and opinions is also important for business presentations, work meetings and conferences.
The list that follows outlines the steps for writing a summary.
Identify the main ideas.
Decide what you are going to leave out. Include only the most essential details.
Reorganize the ideas in a way that makes your points clear. You do not have to follow the order of the original text.
Start with a sentence stating the subject matter of the summary, where the original text came from, and/or the original author’s name. Choose one of these verbs to introduce the issue of the text: to deal with, to raise the problem of, to touch upon the problem of, to comment on, to criticize, to emphasize, to show etc.
Use your own words. Do not copy from the text unless you use direct quotes and quotation marks, or indirect speech.
State only the author’s opinions and not your own.
Make sure your verb tenses are appropriate and consistent when you use reported speech.
Use these words to connect similar ideas: in addition (to this fact), besides, furthermore, moreover, also and these ones to connect contrasting ideas: in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless, conversely, but.
Make the summary short, no more than 30 percent of the original text and, in many cases, much less.
Be sure to edit your work. Polish it to make the language flow smoothly.
UNIT 1. THE INTERNET: A DRIVING FORCE FOR CHANGE?
1.1. Be an Internet Millionaire and We May Like You
A. Before you read the article written by Pulitzer Prize winning humorist Dave Barry study the following tips.
* While reading modern authors you may often be confronted with unusual culture-specific language. It is surprising, nevertheless, how even complex passages often contain clues which will allow you to guess the general meaning of jargon and culture-specific language.
* When evaluating the writer’s attitude, for example, look carefully at the choice of words. The way an idea is expressed may give you a clue to the writer’s attitude.
Notes:
Barry Manilow – a singer and songwriter, known for his love songs. He is popular especially with middle-aged women.
Everybody – by which I mean “not you” – is getting rich off the Internet. We are constantly seeing stories in the media about young Internet entrepreneurs who look like they should be mowing lawns for spending money, except that they have the same net worth as Portugal. Six months ago, they were college students, sitting around their dorms, trying to figure out what body part to pierce next; now they’re the CEOs of Something-Dot-Com, and they’re buying mansions, camels, etc., not to mention Van Gogh and Renoir.
When we read about these spectacularly successful young people – who, through their boldness and vision, have realized the American Dream, and in so doing have created the greatest economic boom the world has ever seen, thereby benefiting all of us – we cannot help but express our gratitude as follows: “I hope they get leprosy.”
No! We must not be petty and jealous, just because these people are young AND rich. Instead we must philosophically ask ourselves: “Are these young zillionaires truly happy? Does all that money give them any more pleasure than I can get from simply watching a sunrise, or chatting with an old friend?” You cretin: OF COURSE it does. These people are so rich that, if they want, they can install giant hydraulic hoists under the entire horizon, so they can raise it up and watch the same sunrise TWICE. And they can buy all the old friends they want. They can buy YOUR old friends. When you ask your old friends to come over and chat, they’ll say, “Sorry! I’ve been invited to a 22-year-old zillionaire’s house to watch him raise the horizon!”
So the bottom line is, if you want to be happy in today’s economy, you need to be rich, too. This means that you have to become involved with the Internet, which has brought about the most revolutionary change in business communications since 1876, when the great inventor Alexander Graham Bell first figured out how to make callers on hold listen to Barry Manilow.
What, exactly, is the Internet? Basically it is a global network exchanging digitized data in such a way that any computer, anywhere, that is equipped with a device called a “modem,” can make a noise like a duck choking on a kazoo. This is called “logging on,” and once you are “logged on,” you can move the “pointer” of your “mouse” to a “hyperlink,” and simply by “clicking” on it, change your “pointer” to an “hourglass.” Then you can go to “lunch,” and when you come back, there, on your computer screen, as if by magic, will be at least 14 advertisements related to Beanie Babies (which currently are the foundation of the entire world economy).
The business community is insanely excited about the Internet. Internet companies are springing up like mushrooms, inspired by such amazing success stories as Amazon.com, which started doing business just a few years ago, and is already losing hundreds of millions of dollars a year. A LOT of Internet companies are losing money like crazy, yet their stock prices are soaring; in fact, the more an Internet company loses, the more desirable it becomes to investors. This seems like a paradox, but there’s a very logical economic explanation: Internet investors have the brains of grapefruit. If you started a company called Set Fire to Piles of Money.com, they’d be beating down your door.
Herein the newspaper business, we have definitely caught Internet Fever. In the old days, we used to get this! – actually charge money for our newspapers. Ha, ha! What an old-fashioned, low-tech, non-digital concept! Nowadays all of the hip modern newspapers spend millions of dollars operating Web sites where we give away the entire newspaper urging our remaining paying customers to go to our Web sites instead. “Stop giving us money!” is the shrewd marketing thrust of these ads. Why do we do this? Because all the other newspapers are doing it! If all the other newspapers stuck pencils up their noses, we’d do that, too! This is called “market penetration.”
My point is that if the newspaper industry – which still has not figured out, despite centuries of operation, where your driveway is – can get into the Internet, then you can, too. Simply follow the clear, detailed instructions set forth in this column, and you’re on your way! I sincerely hope you get very, very rich. Because then I can be your friend.
Dave Barry
B. Answer the questions.
What are the risks and rewards of doing business through the Internet?
What sort of problems do you think young people may encounter through suddenly becoming very rich?
How do you think you would react in similar circumstances?
What attitude does Mr. Barry have to modern concepts in business and journalism? Find the sentences where the writer expresses his personal or clearly stated opinions.
What is the tone of the article? Speak on the author’s choice of words.
C. Sum up the article in Russian.
1.2. Nowhere to Hide
Read the article and match the main ideas with the paragraphs.
People willingly supply information about themselves in everyday life, which is used by data companies.
The change of social values in the U.S.A. threatens privacy.
A certain group of people may be discriminated due to a free access to any information.
There are a lot of consumers of combined confidential information.
The main principle of the national philosophy is the absence of confidentiality.
Modern technologies and vague legislation totally deprive Americans of privacy.
Modern high-tech devices make data collection very easy.
Using computers, high-tech gadgets and mountains of data, a growing army of snoops is waging an assault on America’s privacy.
It may be customary to think of threats to privacy in Orwellian terms, with an all-seeing Big Brother government as the culprit. But lately the threat comes no less from private companies, private citizens and from Americans’ own imperfect notions of how to define which matters are properly kept confidential. The powers of government are fashioned under the pressure of society’s own values and expectations. Lately those values have been in flux.
From the quiet frontiersman to the modern urban loner, archetypal American is someone whose most sacred territory is the portable enclosure of the self. But if “mind your own business” has long been a prime tenet of the national philosophy, “let it all hang out” is now running a close second. It is hard to find a national consensus on confidentiality in a nation of tell-all memoirs, inquiring pollsters and talk shows- not to mention televised U.S. Senate hearings whose participants air explicit sexual details that would have caused earlier generations to blush and turn away.
As the bounds of privacy dissolve under demands for frankness, they also bend before the pressures for AIDS testing, drug testing, and now even genetic testing which promises to predict each person’s inherited susceptibility to certain illnesses, but which could create a pariah class of persons that employers regard as too prone to cancer or other ailments.
In this volatile mix of half-formed attitudes and sharply felt anxieties, technology has arrived with a host of unprecedented temptations. Many new phone-answering machines are equipped to surreptitiously tape whole conversations. Video surveillance cameras quietly scan many workplaces. But by far the most important high-tech threat to privacy is the computer, which permits nimble feats of data manipulation, including high-speed retrieval and matching of records that were impossible with paper stored in file cabinets. As a result, it has turned data collection into a $1 billion-a-year industry- one in which nearly every American supplies the data, often without knowing it.
To get a driver’s license, a mortgage or a credit card, to be admitted to a hospital or to register the warranty on a new purchase, people in U.S. routinely fill out forms providing a wealth of facts about themselves. Little of it remains confidential. Personal finances, medical history, purchasing habits and more are raked in by data companies. These firms in turn combine the records with information drawn from other sources, for instance, from state governments that sell lists of driver’s licenses- to draw a clearer picture of an individual or a household.
The repackaged data, which often include hearsay and inaccuracies, are often sold to government agencies, mortgage lenders, retailers, small businesses, marketers and insurers. When making loan decisions, banks rely on credit bureau reports about the applicant’s bill-paying history. Employers often refer to them in making hiring decisions. Marketers use information about buying habits and income to target their mail order and telephone pitches. Even U.S. government agencies are plugging in to commercial databases to make decisions about eligibility for health care benefits and Social Security.
Privacy watchdogs are warning that the combination of invasive technologies and lax laws threatens to make the U.S. a nation of people who live in glass houses, their every move open to scrutiny by outsiders.
Time. 2005
B. Paraphrase the underlined sentences.
C. Link the main ideas by using these words and phrases to connect similar idea:
in addition (to this fact), besides, furthermore, moreover, also, too
and these ones to connect contrasting ideas:
in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless, conversely, but.
Add some examples and explanations from the article. That will make the summary of the text.