- •I Background oral presentation
- •Visual aids
- •II Practice and Experience
- •1. Match the objectives of a presentation introduction with the corresponding vocabulary:
- •Read the phrases in the box and define their purpose. Complete the presentation introduction with the given phrases.
- •Find in the table below the phrases which are aimed:
- •Write a script of your presentation according to the model:
- •1. The Tell - Me Game
- •2. Debate
- •3. Extemporaneous Speech
- •4. Give an oral presentation using visual aids and ask your groupmates to evaluate it according to the given criteria: Oral Presentation Evaluation
- •III Over to You
- •1. Consultancy Presentation
- •2. Panel Discussion/ Forum/ Talk show
- •I Background
- •Preparation for the Conference
- •Structure of Meetings
- •Meeting Vocabulary
- •Introductions
- •II Practice and Experience
- •A. Match words and word combinations that will help you register at a conference with their meanings:
- •Match the objectives of an introduction with the corresponding vocabulary:
- •3. Find in the table below the phrases which are aimed:
- •4. Define the objectives of the following vocabulary (consulting the background) and rearrange it in the correct order. Finishing the Meeting
- •5. Review useful phrases of the unit. Translate the following phrases into English:
- •1. Writing an Agenda. Imagine that you are the chairperson in a meeting. It is the start of the meeting and you are telling your colleagues about the items on the agenda. What phrases might you use?
- •2. The following sentences are in the wrong order. Re-arrange them in the correct sequence to introduce the agenda. Meeting - Agenda Setting
- •3. Look through the extracts from the website of the International Conference, find the main elements of the website and comment them. The main points of the conference website are:
- •4. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the phrases below. Conference Speech
- •1. A. Imagine you need to register at a conference. You are a delegate, not a visitor. Make up a dialogue answering conference assistant's questions.
- •2. Imagine that you are in the legal conference on one of the following topics:
- •Phrases of politeness:
- •Language for interruptions:
- •Expressing agreement
- •Expressing disagreement
- •Conceding to Make a Point
- •5. Roleplay a plenary session of the legal conference, using the language from the unit.
- •I Background Negotiation
- •Legal Negotiation
- •Negotiation Styles
- •Five Phases of a Negotiation
- •The language of negotiations
- •II Practice and Experience
- •Match the objectives of opening negotiations with the corresponding vocabulary:
- •Find in the table below the phrases which are aimed:
- •Read the dialogue. What negotiation style is used here? How do the speakers maintain an atmosphere of respect? Find in the dialogue phrases which mean:
- •I’ll be frank about it.
- •4. Fill in the correct word from the list below:
- •5. Match the direct speech sentences in column a with the appropriate introductory verbs in column b.
- •6. Role-play one of these situations with a partner. Consider your negotiation style(s).Use as many phrases for negotiating from the table below as you can.
- •III Over to You
- •I Background
- •II Practice and Experience
- •1. How do you answer the phone? Tick what you do.
- •3. Read these telephone numbers.
- •5. Find in the table below the phrases which are used to
- •6. Read the dialogue. Is the language of it formal or informal? Tick phrases used in telephone English and define their objectives:
- •7. Match the phrases typical for telephone English and everyday English expressions
- •Complete it with suitable words
- •Fill in the table with the phrases from the message above
- •Complete the dialogues and dramatize them in pairs.
- •2. Act out the role-play
- •3. Here are some situations. You are to work in pairs. Take the role of the student a or b and compose a dialogue.
- •III Over to you
- •I Background
- •II Practice and Experience
- •Write the addresses correctly and complete them with the names of organizations, add postal codes where necessary, etc.:
- •Read the following letter of congratulation and write proper sender’s and receiver’s addresses:
- •Match the objectives of parts of a letter with the corresponding vocabulary:
- •Find in the table below the phrases which are aimed:
- •Match the beginnings (1-8) with the endings (a-h)of sentences
- •4. Complete the following letter of appointment with suitable words and word combination. Pay attention to the formal tone of the letter.
- •Read the following letter. Explain, in which circumstances a person may write such a letter. Complete it with a correct salutation and complimentary close:
- •Read the following four emails (a–d) and write the correct letter(s) next to the explanatory sentences (1–7).
- •2. A) Read the emails a-d above and decide which is the most formal and the least informal.
- •3. Read these people’s ideas about writing emails. Then complete sentences 1–6 below with the first name of the correct person.
- •3. Match the beginning and ending pairs in ex 2 with the descriptions (1–8) below.
- •4. Read the following sentences. Decide whether they are beginnings or endings. Then decide whether they are neutral or informal.
- •5. Look back at the examples in ex 13. Find:
- •6. Look at the paragraph structure below for two emails: an inquiry (request for information) and the reply. Then write the correct paragraph reference next to each sentence (a–j).
- •Inquiry
- •6. Reschedule a Meeting Voicemail. Prepare a voice mail message cancelling and rescheduling a meeting.
- •7. Prepare a voicemail message to a hotel.
- •I Background
- •In order to get the job you have found you have to know how to navigate the application process.
- •It should:
- •Interests and activities:
- •II Practice and Experience
- •Try to identify the stages in the job application process. Put the stages (1 – 8) into the most logical sequence.
- •Read Silvia’s statement from her cv and find words and phrases which demonstrate the following points
- •Each sentence in Silvia’s personal statement has a different main function. Find the answers to the following questions in her personal statement then write the answers using your own information.
- •Write your profile
- •Read and complete the following cv using the necessary form of the verbs in the box.
- •Write your cv
- •I Background
- •What is a cover letter?
- •II Practice and Experience
- •In pair discuss the following questions:
- •Read the letter. Match the opening phrases to the paragraphs of the cover letter
- •It will be a great experience…
- •I have a bachelor’s degree in law…
- •Imagine that you are applying for the job, fill in the gaps in the sample letter with the information of your own
- •I Background
- •Show Positivity and Drive
- •Do Your Homework Before the Interview
- •II Practice and Experience
- •Match the personal characteristics (1 – 6) to the questions (a – f).
- •In pairs ask and answer questions about your personal strengths and weaknesses, discuss them giving specific evidence.
- •Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box. You will need to use some verbs more than once.
- •Read the interview questions and tick the answer that you think is best.
- •III over to you
- •In pairs, discuss the following questions:
- •Match the transferable skills (1 – 8) to the examples of professional behaviour (a – h).
- •2.Using the advertisements below and the cv samples presented above write your cv and a cover letter for a chosen imaginary job. Solicitor - The next step in your career
- •Innovating and forward thinking
I Background Negotiation
Notes:
preponderance of evidence наявність більш переконливих доказів
to posture and bluster позувати та погрожувати
good faith bargaining (bargaining in good faith ) чесні перемовини
unobjectionable що не викликає заперечень (неприємного почуття); прийнятний
Joseph Joubert Never cut what you can untie.
Chester L. Karrass In business, you don't get what you deserve, you get what you negotiate.
A negotiation is an interactive communication process that may take place whenever we want something from someone else or another person wants something from us.
"Take it or leave it!" "This proposal is non-negotiable." "This is it. If you don't want to accept it at that price, forget it." "Negotiating with you is a waste of time. We'll see you at the courthouse!" How do you feel when you hear statements like this? How do you feel when people are belligerent; when they let you know that they do not want to have a dialogue with you about such delicate subjects as your needs, interests, or concerns about a proposal or a transaction?
If you react negatively to ultimatums, inflexibility, and statements like those in the preceding paragraph, you may come to the realization that other people feel the same way. Unless you are in the military, or subject to some similar hierarchical organization, you will conclude that, if you want to have a relationship with the party on the other side of the table or the other end of the phone, you must negotiate. Negotiation is unavoidable.
Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life.
Legal Negotiation
Legal negotiation is the process whereby an attorney, acting on behalf of his client either as an advocate or advisor, tries to obtain a favorable outcome. At the same time, the attorney may offer concessions by consultation and dialogue with another so as to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement. Though there are elements common to all instances where legal negotiation is employed (e.g. good communication skills and bargaining in good faith), the various techniques applied will vary according to the legal context in which they occur. Since the vast majority of cases are settled prior to trial, the object of legal negotiation in the context of litigation is to secure an advantageous settlement of the matter in dispute prior to trial.
In order to negotiate successfully, an attorney must have a firm grasp of the law and how the particular circumstances or facts of his client's case will determine the probability of prevailing at trial. A shrewd attorney will realize that even though the preponderance of evidence may weigh in his client's favor, a trial still presents unforeseeable risks and uncertainty. There is no guarantee of the outcome once it is placed in the hands of a judge or a jury for deliberation. The behavior of witnesses at trial may be quite different than expected, and a judge or jury may not draw the same favorable conclusions from the evidence presented as an attorney thinks.
The goal of negotiation during litigation is to find through persistent communication with opposing counsel over time, the areas in which there may be consensus as to the relative weaknesses and/or strengths of each party's respective case. Litigation also seeks to find a dollar (hryvnya) range at which the benefits of settlement outweigh the uncertainty and risks of proceeding to trial. Legal negotiation during litigation is a fluid and dynamic process. At the initial stages a common tactic is for one or both sides to posture and bluster; bargaining positions of one or both sides may remain uncompromising and inflexible.
As the date for trial draws nearer, the former rigid positions of previously uncompromising parties often change dramatically. The illusion of fixed positions disappears. The realization of being subject to the risks of the trial process has a positive effect on legal negotiation and often causes a more heightened desire to reach agreement through good faith bargaining rather than through intimidation. For these reasons, it is not uncommon for cases to settle on the day of trial on the courthouse steps.
In the context of business transactions or contract discussions, the goal of legal negotiation is to structure or draft an agreement with terms and conditions that protect the interests of one's client while agreeing to stipulations that the other party requires in order to consummate the transaction. Successful negotiation tactics require the careful exercise of an attorney's skills at drafting, communication, and effective persuasion. In attempting to secure provisions that protect his client, an attorney must be able to persuade the other party as to the necessity of the proposed provision under consideration. Often, a revised proposal, judiciously drafted, will be unobjectionable to a party who was reluctant initially to accept the wording of the original proposal.