The English Grammar for Communication

Unit 1. Types of Questions

Unit 2. Present Simple and Present Progressive

Unit 3. Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive

Unit 4. Past Simple and Past Progressive

Unit 5. Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive

Unit 6. Future Simple and Future Progressive

Unit 7. Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive

Unit 8. Active and Passive Voices

Unit 9. Sequence of Tenses

Unit 10. Reported (Indirect) Speech

Unit 11. Conditionals

Unit 12. Infinitive, Gerund and Participles

Unit 13. Prepositions

Unit 1. Types of Questions.

1. General Questions.

2. Special Questions

3. Alternative Questions.

4. D isjunctive or Tag Questions.

В английском языке существуют следующие основные типы вопросов; общие (General Questions), специальные (Special Questions), альтернативные (Alternative Questions), и разделительные (Disjunctive or Tag Questions).

Английское вопросительное предложение характеризуется обратным порядком слов.

• He is a student. Is he a student?

• He will come tomorrow. Will he come tomorrow?

N.B!!! Исключением являются специальные вопросы к подлежащему. В них сохраняется прямой порядок слов.

• Who took my pen?

• What is Jack?

B. General Questions.

Общие вопросы (General Questions) задаются с целью получить подтверждение или отрицание всей высказанной в вопросе мысли и, таким образом, требуют ответа Yes или No.

Общие вопросы произносятся с повышающейся интонацией, т.е. повышением голоса в конце предложения.

• -- Do you really love me?

-- Yes, I do.

• -- Will you invite Mike to your birthday party?

-- No, I won’t.

Порядок слов в общих вопросах:

auxiliary or modal verb вспомогательный или модальный глагол	subject подлежащее	main verb основной глагол		objects and adverbial modifiers дополнения и обстоятельства
Can	he		speak	English?
Did	they		see	her?
Is	she		reading	a book?
Does	she		live	in Brest?
Have	you		received	a letter from her?

N.B!!! 1) Когда в состав сказуемого входят два или три вспомогательных глагола, то только первый из них ставится перед подлежащим:

• She has been playing the piano since morning.

Has she been playing the piano since morning?

2) Если сказуемое выражено глаголами to be или to have в Present Simple или Past Simple, то эти глаголы ставятся перед подлежащим.

• Is he at home?

• Have you an English book?

3) Когда глагол to be употреблен в качестве глагола-связки, он ставится перед подлежащим, а именная часть сказуемого – непосредственно после подлежащего:

• She is a shop assistant.

Is she a shop assistant?

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Exercise 1. Put General questions to the following sentences:

1. I have dinner at home. 2. Ted came to see us today. 3. Nothing will be done until next week. 4. My aunt lives in Minsk. 5. She stood near the shop. 6. We shall be examining students tomorrow. 7. I` am going home soon. 8. They will have time to get there. 9. She is an experienced doctor. 10 He had to work late last night. 11. He forgot to mail the letter. 12. She advised me to wait until tomorrow. 13. He`ll give you my telephone number. 14. He drank lots of black coffee. 15. I`ve never eaten at that restaurant. 16. She found him smoking. 17. He is hiding in the woods near the house. 18. He does his work well. 19. Factories are built inside residential areas.

Exercise 2. Ask and answer yes/ no questions:

Sample: A: - He likes hockey.

B: - …………….. football?

C: - Yes, he …... (No, he …….)

Student A: Student B:

Student C:

S tudent C:

1. She is reading. --------------------------------------------- a book?

2. I speak English. --------------------------------------------- Spanish?

3. They visited Rome. -----------------------------------------Berlin?

4. She wants to meet Jane. ------------------------------------her husband?

5. I know Tom Smith. -----------------------------------------John Jackson?

6. He didn`t go out last night. ---------------------------------on Friday?

7. They`ve got two dogs. --------------------------------------any cats?

8. I`m going to the theatre. ------------------------------------on your own?

9. There is some tea in the cupboard. ------------------------ any coffee?

10. Mother bought some bread. ------------------------------- any butter?

11. The weather will be fine tomorrow. ---------------------- on Sunday?

12. The job will be finished soon. ----------------------------- before lunch?

13. The boy has gone out. ---------------------------------------into town?

14. She told the news to Father. --------------------------------to her friends?

15. I read the story by Mark Twain. ---------------------------all his stories?

16. Jane telephoned her friend from London. -----------------her parents?

17. I`ve spoken to my adviser. ---------------------------------to the Dean

18. Helen has already left the hotel -----------------------------the city?

19. The shopping center was a comfortable place to walk around in winter.

------------------------------------------------------------------- in summer?

20.There were some cherry-trees in the garden. --------------- any apple-trees?

Exercise 3. Ask yes/ no questions. Use do, does, did, have, has, can, will and these words:

Read do drive wear rain have go out eat fly go

Give true short answers.

S tudent A: Student B:

1. you/ a lot of books?

2. you/ last night?

3. your best friend/ a Ferrari?

4. you /ever/ Chinese food?

5. you/to the seaside next summer?

6. it/ a lot in your country?

7. you / a haircut last week?

8. you/ tennis?

9. your teacher/ glasses?

10. you /ever / in a helicopter?