9. Stylistic problems of translation.

The problem of translation equivalence is closely connected with the stylistic aspect of translation – one cannot reach the required level of equivalence if the stylistic peculiarities of the source text are neglected. Full translation adequacy includes as an obligatory component the adequacy of style, i.e. the right choice of stylistic means and devices of the target language to substitute for those observed in the source text. This means that in translation one is to find proper stylistic variations of the original meaning rather than only the meaning itself.

First of all, a translator is to distinguish between neutral, bookish and colloquial words and word combinations, translating them by relevant units of the target language.

For example, if the text You’ll see… everything will be hunky-dory is translated in a neutral style Увидишь... всё будет хорошо, the basic meaning will be preserved but the colloquial and a bit vulgar connotation of the expression hunky-dory will be lost. Only the stylistically-correct equivalent of this expression gives the translation the required adequacy: Увидишь... всё будет тип-топ.

http://eng.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200700809

Functional style are the types of text distinguished by the pragmatic aspect of communication. Modern linguistics distinguish such functional styles as:

* Belles-lettres (prose, poetry, drama) – a term that is used to describe a category of writing.

* Publicistic style – used in public speeches and printed public works which are addressed to a broad audience and devoted to important social or political events, public problems of cultural or moral character

* Newspaper style – the prose style used for news reporting in media such as newspapers, radio and television

* Scientific style – language means which will bring proofs to clinch a theory.

* Official documents – documents in the spheres of business, legal policy, diplomacy or military sphere.

10. Professional requirements and responsibilities of a translator.

A Translator converts written words from a 'source' language into a 'target' language, which is almost always his or her native language. Most Translators specialize in a combination of source and target languages, such as 'French to English' or 'English to Chinese.' Additionally, Translators often specialize in a certain topic, such as literature, finance, law, medicine, or technology. Most staff employment opportunities are in Washington, D.C., New York, and California; however, the need for Translators is expanding throughout the U.S., especially in the area of healthcare.

Education	Bachelor's degree and expertise in multiple languages
Job Skills	Writing, editing, and grammar ability in two languages, plus computer and organizational skills
Median Salary (2015)*	$44,190 for interpreters and translators
Job Outlook (2014-2024)*	29% increase for interpreters and translators

Source: *U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics