23.2. Mouxsnadi yalibi

racionaluri mimarTulebiT mSeneblobaSi iTvleba monoliTuri rkinabetonisa da anakrebi konstruqciebis gonivruli SeTavseba, efeqturia anakrebi da monoliTuri kedlebis Semomfarglavi konstruqciebis, gadaxurvebisa da sxva konstruqciuli elemenetebis kombinirebuli gamoyeneba.

mouxsnadi yalibi, monoliTuri betonis Cagebisa da sxva operaciebis dasrulebis Semdeg, rCeba dabetonebuli konstruqciis tanSi da masTan muSaobs, rogorc erTi mTliani elementi. yalibi qmnis nagebobis formas, aformebs arqiteqturulad, icavs mis zedapirs atmosferuli movlenebis zemoqmedebisagan, zrdis konstruqciis simtkicis maxasiaTeblebs, aumjobesebs betonis gamyarebis reJims, amcirebs Sromis danaxarjebs.

mouxsnad yalibebSi masalad gamoiyeneba foladis profilirebuli fenili, sxvadasxva furclovani masalebi, keramikuli, minis da betonis blokebi, profilis filebi rkinabetonis, betonis, armocementis, minacementis, fibrocementisagan, qafpolistirolis filebi da sxv.

funqciuri daniSnulebis mixedviT yalibi gamoiyeneba, rogorc formaSemqmneli konstruqcia, yalibi-mopirkeTeba da yalibi-izolacia. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, es elementebi aris asagebi konstruqciis gare zedapiri, amitom mas SeiZleba hqondes nebismieri faqtura. yalibi SeiZleba damzaddes qarxanaSi an poligonze da mas mieces sxvadasxva forma da konfiguracia proeqtis Sesabamisad (nax. 23.2).

Nax. 23.2. Mouxsnadi yalibi:

a _ masivis saerTo xedi, yalibi mopirkeTebiT; b _ brtyeli rkinabetonis fila; g _ igive wibovani; d _ brtyeli armocementis fila; e _ armopaketi;

1 _ Fila; 2 _ masivis betoni; 3 _ armokarkasi; 4 _ xorkliani zedapiri;

5 _ Filis wibo; 6 _ naxvretebi; 7 _ fila gamoSverili ankerebiT;

8 _ Qsovilis bade; 9 _ SeduRebuli bade; 10 _ momWeri wknelebi.

sacxovrebeli Senobebis agebisas xSirad gamoiyeneba specialuri orfeniani filebi, romlebic erTdroulad asruleben yalibis funqciebs da Senobebis fasadis kedlebis dekoratiul Tboizolacias.

mSeneblobaSi farTod gamoiyeneba mouxsnadi yalibebi Txelkedliani rkinabetonis filebisagan (nax. 23.3; 23.4).

Nax. 23.3. Mouxsnadi yalibebis tipebi:

a _ betonis blokebisagan; b _ rkinabetonis filebisagan; g _ tesebri profilis wiboebiani filebisagan; d _ brtyeli foladbetonis filebisagan.

Nax. 23.4. Mouxsnadi blokuri yalibis fragmenti:

1 _ Semvsebi (betonis narevi); 2 _ mouxsnadi yalibis Rrutaniani blokebi;

3 _ Webi (gamWoli naxvretebi); 4 _ SemaerTebeli sogmani; 5 _ naxvretebi ankerebisaTvis; 6 _ armaturis karkasi; 7 _ betonis momzadeba.

mouxsnad yalibebTan erTad msubuqi betonebis (qafbetoni, perlitbetoni da sxv.) gamoyeneba sagrZnoblad zrdis gadaxurvebis maxasiaTeblebs: bgera-, xmaur-, vibro- da Tboizolacias.

23.2.1. Mouxsnadi sayalibe sistema qafpolistirolisagan

Tanamedrove mSeneblobaSi Semomfarglavi konstruqciebis mimarT moqmedebs xisti da mkacri moTxovnebi: Semcirdes maTi Tbodanakargebis maxasiaTeblebi, gaizardos konstruqciebSi saTavsebidan Tbodanakargebis winaRobis maCveneblebi, rac iTxovs samoqalaqo mSeneblobaSi samSeneblo masalebisa da nakeTobebis warmoebis efeqturi energodamzogi teqnologiebis damuSavebasa da danergvas. erTi aseTi gza aris mouxsnad yalibebSi qafpolistirolis blokebis, filebis an panelebis gamoyeneba (nax. 23.5).

Nax. 23.5. Asawyob-monoliTuri gadaxurvebi qafpolistirolis panelebisgan:

a _ daarmaturebuli karkasiTa da dabetonebuli zedapiriT:

1 _ Qafpolistirolis paneli; 2 _ armokarkasi; 3 _ fexura aguris kedelSi; 4 _ armaturis bade; 5 _ betonis fena;

b _ armogembaniani qafpolistirolis panelebisagan: 1 _ mouxsnadi yalibis paneli; 2 _ monoliTuri betonis fena; 3 _ teleskopuri dgari; 4 _ grZivi.

aseTi yalibebi xasiaTdeba mcire masiT, sakmarisi simtkiciTa da araanTebadobiT. elementebis mcire masa umravlesi operaciebis xeliT Sesrulebis saSualebas iZleva xaraCoebisa da gamanawilebeli dgarebis gamoyenebiT, rac gamoricxavs axladCalagebuli da gamkvrivebuli betonis deformaciebs.

qafpolistirolis yalibis elementebis montaJs asruleben Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:

• panelebis boloebi SehyavT kedelSi datovebul fexurebSi, filebs Soris ayeneben armaturis karkass;

• yalibis filebis zedapirze alageben armaturis mzid bades da akavSireben armaturis karkasTan;

• armaturis Calagebis Semdeg asruleben dabetonebas.

aq qafpolistirolis panelebis gamoyeneba iTvaliswinebs filebis gamoyenebas, romlis sigrZe malis tolia. panelebi eyrdnoba fexurebs, maTi sigrZis mixedviT ayeneben gamanawilebel dgarebs, rac gamoricxavs arasasurvel deformaciebs, Semdeg asruleben dabetonebas.

anakreb-monoliTuri gadaxurvis mowyoba mouxsnadi yalibebis gamoyenebiT didad efeqturia Senobis rekonstruqciis dros. aq SesaZlebelia mcire tvirTamweobis koSkuri amwis gamoyeneba gadaxurvebis mowyobis teqnologiuri procesi iTvaliswinebs fexurebis mowyobas Senobis mTel perimetrze siRrmiT aranakleb 15 sm-isa da simaRliT _ 10 sm; erTiani samontaJo horizontis Seqmnas fexurebis gasworebiT cementqviSis duRabiT; teleskopur dgarebze gamanawilebeli koWebis dayenebas; mouxsnadi yalibis elementebis dalagebas. yalibis panelebi pirapirebis adgilebze erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba gamanawilebeli ReroebiT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damatebiT asruleben badisebr daarmaturebas. panelebis dalagebis Semdeg amowmeben maT horizontalobas _ dasaSvebia gadaxra mxolod 3-4 mm-ze. gadaxurvis dabetoneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ori sqemiT - samontaJo amwis saSualebiT an betontumboebiT (nax. 23.6).