nawili IV
Senobebisa da nagebobebis agebis teqnologia monoliTuri betonisagan
Tavi 18. monoliTuri betonisagan Senobebis agebis samSeneblo-konstruqciuli
Taviseburebani
betonisa da rkinabetonis konstruqciebisagan Senobebis ageba aris specifikuri procesi da didad gansxvavdeba Senobebisa da nagebobebis sxva masalebiT (aguri, anakrebi rkinabetoni, liToni) agebisagan. Tanamedrove mSeneblobis teqnikur doneze monoliTuri betonis gamoyeneba xasiaTdeba maRali ekonomiuri efeqtiT: asawyob mSeneblobasTan SedarebiT kapitaluri dabandebebis ekonomia Seadgens 20-25%-s, jamuri Sromis danaxarjebis _ 5-10%-s, dayvanili danaxarjebis _ 5-8%-s. mniSvnelovnad gamarTlebulia, agreTve, monoliTuri saxlmSenebloba iseT seismur zonebSi, rogoric aris saqarTvelo, vinaidan sagrZnoblad izrdeba mdgradoba seismuri Zalebis zemoqmedebisas.
betonisa da rkinabetonis samuSaoebis industriuli warmoeba SeiZleba iyos ganxiluli, rogorc Senobebisa da nagebobebis nakaduri agebis kompleqsur-meqanizebuli procesi.
kompleqsuri procesi Sedgeba teqnologiurad da organizaciulad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli damamzadebeli da Siga samoedno procesebisagan (nax. 18.1).
mSeneblobis procesSi, monoliTuri betonisa da rkinabetonis udidesi nawili modis Senobebisa da nagebobebis nulovani ciklis konstruqciebis agebaze, xolo miwiszeda nawilze ki _ 20-25%. monoliTuri betonis gamoyenebisas foladis xarji 7-20%-iT mcirdeba, betonis _ 12%-mde. Senobebis ageba monoliTuri rkinabetonisagan iZleva konstruqciuli gadawyvetebis optimizaciis, Tavisufal sivrciT sistemebze gadasvlis, yvela elementis erToblivi muSaobisa da konstruqciebis kveTebis Semcirebis saSualebas. monoliTur konstruqciebSi ufro martivad wydeba pirapirebis problemebi, izrdeba Tboteqnikuri da izolaciis Tvisebebi, mcirdeba saeqspluatacio danaxarjebi.
Nax. 18.1. Betonis samuSaoTa warmoebis kompleqsuri meqanizaciis sqema:'
1, 2, 3 _ damzadeba qarxanaSi, transportireba, yalibis montaJi;
4, 5, 6 _ damzadeba qarxanaSi, transportireba, armaturis nakeTobebis montaJi; 7, 8, 9 _ damzadeba, gadazidva, miwodeba da betonis narevis ganawileba; 10 _ betonis dayovneba; 11 _ konstruqciis ganyalibeba;
12 _ yalibis miwodeba Semdeg poziciaze an SesakeTeblad;
I _ gare transporti; II _ Siga transporti.
monoliTuri konstruqciebis agebis kompleqsuri procesi moicavs (nax. 18.1):
damamzadebel procesebs; qarxnuli warmoebis procesebs _ yalibebis, armaturis karkasebis, armaturis sayalibe blokebis damzadebas, betonis narevis momzadebas;
Siga samoedno procesebs _ yalibisa da armaturis dayenebas, betonis narevis transportirebasa da Calagebas, betonis dayovnebas, yalibis demontaJs.
cneba sayalibe sistema moicavs yalibsa da elementebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofs mis sixistesa da mdgradobas, samagr elementebs, sayrden konstruqciebs, xaraCoebs.
yalibebisa da sayalibe sistemebis calkeuli elementis saxe da daniSnuleba:
yalibi _ forma monoliTuri konstruqciebisaTvis;
fari _ yalibis formis Semqmneli elementi, romelic Sedgeba gembanisa da karkasisagan;
gembani _ faris elementi, qmnis faris muSa zedapirs;
sayalibe paneli _ yalibis formis Semqmneli brtyeli elementi, romelic Sedgeba ramdenime momijnave farisagan. farebi SeerTebulia SemaerTebeli kvanZebisa da elementebisagan da gaTvaliswinebulia konkretuli sibrtyis dayalibebisaTvis;
yalibis bloki _ sivrciTi elementi daxurul perimetrze, damzadebulia rogorc mTliani elementi an Sedgeba brtyeli da kuTxis panelebis an farebisagan.
yalibebis masalad gamoiyeneba foladi, aluminis Senadnobebi, wyalmedegi farnebi da merqnis filebi, minaplastiki, polipropileni SemvsebebiT. yalibebis sayrden elementad gamoiyeneba foladi da aluminis Senadnobebi. efeqturia yalibebSi kombinirebuli konstruqciebis gamoyeneba: fanerisa da plastikis gamoyenebiT 50-jer izrdeba yalibebis mobrunebadoba da, amasTan erTad, izrdeba nakeTobis zedapiris xarisxi. foladis yalibebSi gamoiyeneba foladis furclebi sisqiT 2-6 mm, rac sagrZnoblad zrdis yalibis masas. yalibebi xis masalebis dasacavad ifareba sinTetikuri safariT. safaris fena yalibis zedapirze daaqvT cxeli dawnexis meTodiT, risTvisac merqnis gaJRenTvisaTvis gamoiyeneba bakelitis Txevadi fisebi, epoqsid-fenolis laqebi. zedapirebis dasafarad farTod gamoiyeneba polinerebiT gaJRenTili minaqsovili. Tanamedrove mSeneblobaSi farTod gavrcelda wyalmedegi faneris gamoyeneba yalibebSi. faneris sisqea 18-22 mm da gamoiyeneba nebismieri konstruqciis dasamzadeblad.
mSeneblobaSi gamoiyeneba boWkovani miniT armirebuli plastmasis yalibebi, romlebic xasiaTdeba maRali simtkiciT, betonTan kontaqtisas qimiuri medegobiT, mcire masiT, formis stabilurobiTa da koroziis mimarT medegobiT.
kombinirebul yalibs warmoadgens liTonis yalibebi, romlis zedapirebi dafarulia polipropilenis furclovani safariT.
yalibebis ZiriTadi tipebi. yalibebis klasifikacias axorcieleben dasabetonebeli konstruqciebis tipebisa da maTi funqciuri daniSnulebis mixedviT:
vertikaluri zedapirebisaTvis, maT Soris kedlebis;
horizontaluri da daxrili zedapirebisaTvis, maT Soris gadaxurvebisaTvis;
kedlebisa da gadaxurvebis erTdrouli dabetonebisaTvis;
oTaxebisa da calkeuli binebis dabetonebisaTvis;
mrudxazovani zedapirebisaTvis (gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad pnevmaturi, gasaberi yalibebi).
kedlebis dabetonebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis yalibebi: mcirefarebiani, msxvilfarebiani, bloki-formebi, blokuri da sriala (mcocavi).
zedapirebis dabetonebisaTvis gamoiyeneba mcirefariani (sayrdeni elementebiT) da msxvilfariani yalibebi, romelTa sayalibe zedapirebs Seadgens erTiani bloki.
kedlebisa da gadaxurvebis an Senobis nawilis erTdrouli dabetonebisaTvis gamoiyeneba moculobiT-gadasaadgilebeli yalibebi. amave mizniT gamoiyeneba horizontalurad gadasaadgilebeli, maT Soris sagoravi yalibebi.
dasaSlel-gadasaadgilebeli mcirefariani yalibi. gamoiyeneba saZirkvlebis, kedlebis, svetebis, sxvadasxva tipis gadaxurvebis, calkeuli grZivebis, sayrdeni kedlebis, araunificirebuli konstruqciebis dabetonebisaTvis. igi ikvreba (aiwyoba) adgilze winaswar damzadebuli xaraCoebiT gamagrebuli farebis an xokerebisagan. konstruqciis dabetonebis damTavrebis Semdeg Seficruloba iSleba da ganmeorebiTi gamoyenebisaTvis Semdeg ubanze idgmeba. am tipis yalibi Sedgeba elementebis nakrebisgan farTobiT 3 m2-mde da masiT 50 kg-mde. yalibis elementebisgan SeiZleba msxvili panelebisa da blokebis Sekvra, romelTa awyobasa da daSlas asruleben amwis saSualebiT.
msxvilfariani yalibi Sedgeba msxvili zomis farebis da SemaerTebeli elementebisagan. yalibis farebi iReben yvela teqnologiur datvirTvas damatebiTi mzidi da sayrdeni elementebis dayenebis gareSe. msxvilfariani yalibebi gamoiyeneba ganfenili kedlebis, gadaxurvebis da gvirabebis dabetonebisaTvis. farebis zomebi dasabetonebeli konstruqciis zomebis tolia: kedlebisaTvis _ saTavsis simaRle da sigane, gadaxurvisaTvis _ am gadaxurvis sigane da sigrZe. msxvilfariani yalibi mzaddeba sayrden grZivebTan erTad woniT 0.5-2 t, zomebiT 30 m2-mde, romelTa aweva da dayeneba xorcieldeba amwiT. dasaSlel-gadasaadgilebeli msxvilfariani yalibebi gamoiyeneba agreTve cvalebadi ganivi kveTis konstruqciebis (silosebi, milebi, Sxefsacivrebi) dabetonebisaTvis.
blokuri yalibi _ es aris moculobiT-gadasaadgilebeli yalibi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia sami an oTxi kedlis erTdrouli agebisaTvis gadaxurvis mowyobis gareSe. SenobebisaTvis monoliTuri gare da Siga mzidi kedlebiT da anakrebi gadaxurvebiT, rekomendebulia kombinirebuli varianti: gare kedlebisaTvis msxvilfariani yalibi, Siga kedlebisaTvis _ blokuri, vertikalurad gadasaadgilebeli yalibi.
blok-formebi warmoadgens sivrciT daxurul blokebs. blok-formebi gamoiyeneba mcire moculobis vertikaluri da horizontaluri zedapirebis daxuruli konstruqciebis dabetonebisaTvis. garda amisa, aseT yalibebs iyeneben kedlis moculobiTi elementebis, liftis Saxtebis, saZirkvlebis, svetebisaTvis da a.S.
moculobiT-gadasaadgilebeli yalibi Sedgeba П-s magvari formis seqciisagan da warmoadgens horizontalurad amosaReb msxvilzomian bloks, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia kedlebisa da gadaxurvebis erTdrouli dabetonebisaTvis. ganyalibebis procesSi seqciebi ikumSeba saTavsisken SigniT, mas gamoagoreben da Semdeg amwiT gadaaadgileben. aseTi yalibebi gamoiyeneba ganivi mzidi kedlebisa da monoliTuri gadaxurvebis (sacxovrebel da samoqalaqo SenobebSi) dabetonebisaTvis.
gegmaze martivi konfiguraciis SenobebSi, sarTulis didi farTobiTa da brtyelsibrtyiani fasadebiT, rekomendebulia moculobiT-gadasaadgilebeli yalibebi _ gvirabebis, vertikalurad da horizontalurad gadasaadgilebeli yalibebi.
gvirabebis yalibi _ moculobiT-gadasaadgilebeli yalibi, gaTvaliswinebulia Senobis ori ganivi da erTi grZivi kedlis da am kedlebze gadaxurvis erTdrouli dabetonebisaTvis. gvirabis tipis yalibi ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba SenobebSi monoliTuri Siga kedlebiT, monoliTuri gadaxurvebiT da Sekiduli fasadis panelebiT.
horizontalurad gadasaadgilebeli yalibi gaTvaliswinebulia horizontalurad ganfenili konstruqciebisa da nagebobebis dabetonebisaTvis, agreTve daxuruli kveTis didi perimetris konstruqciebisaTvis.
mcocavi (sriala) yalibebi gamoiyeneba maRali Senobebisa da nagebobebis kedlebis dabetonebisaTvis. is ewyoba nagebobis fuZesTan, romelic amoyvanis procesSi xraxniani domkratebis SemweobiT ganuwyvetliv iweva zeviT da Senebis damTavrebisas iSleba.
pnevmatikuri yalibi _ moqnili, haerSeuRwevadi garsiT, mzaddeba nagebobis zomebis Sesabamisad. ayeneben muSa mdgomareobaSi, beraven, garsi iRebs nagebobis formas da Semdeg betondeba.
mouxsnadi yalibi gamoiyeneba konstruqciebis agebisaTvis ganyalibebis gareSe, mopirkeTebiT, Tbo- da hidroizolaciiT.
betonis samuSaoebis warmoebisas gamoiyeneba sayalibe sistemebis Semdegi damxmare elementebi:
1. kiduli xaraCoebi _ specialuri xaraCoebi, romlebic ekideba kronSteinebis saSualebiT kedelze nagebobis fasadis mxridan, magrdeba kedlebis dabetonebis dros datovebul naxvretebSi.
2. sagoravi xaraCoebi _ xaraCoebi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia gvirabis an gadaxurvis yalibebis gamogorebisaTvis demontaJis procesSi.
3. RiobSemqmneli _ specialuri yalibi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia monoliTur konstruqciebSi fanjris, karebisa da sxva Riobebis formirebisaTvis.
monoliTuri teqnologiebis amaRlebisa da Sromis danaxarjebis Semcirebis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba, betonis samuSaoebis kompleqsis warmoebisas, mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
gadasvla qimiurdanamatebian, maRalZvradi da sxmuli betonis narevze, rac minimumamde amcirebs Sromis danaxarjebs transportirebaze, Casxmasa da betonis gamkvrivebaze, mTlianad sagrZnoblad mcirdeba betonis narevis Cagebis fardobiTi TviTRirebuleba;
sruli mzadyofnis armokarkasis gamoyeneba, gadasvla SeduRebiTi SeerTebidan meqanikurze _ 1.5-2-jer amcirebs Sromatevadobas;
specialuri antiadgeziuri safarebiT dafaruli inventaruli, swrafaddasaSleli moduluri sistemis yalibebis gamoyeneba _ gamoiricxeba danaxarjebi yalibebis zedapirebis gawmendaze da SezeTvaze;
uwyveti dabetonebis sayalibe sistemebis gamoyeneba, mouxsnadi yalibebis gamoyeneba _ gamoiricxeba Sromis danaxarjebi yalibebis demontaJze.
Tu monoliTuri rkinabetonis konstruqciebis agebis saerTo Sromatevadobas pirobiTad aviRebT 100%-s, maSin sayalibe samuSaoebis Sromatevadoba Seadgens daaxloebiT 45-65%, saarmature samuSaoebis _ 15-25% da betonis _ 20-30%.