Lesson 12

Словообразование: 1. Суффиксы - tion, - sion, - ion Текст: Business Letters

Word building

I. Проанализируйте модели образования слов, прочтите и переведите слова, созданные на их основе:

МОДЕЛЬ 1

основа глагола + - tion, - sion, - ion = существительное

to continue - продолжать	continuation -
to produce - производить	production -
to consider - рассматривать	consideration -
to demonstrate - доказывать	demonstration -
to occupy - занимать	occupation -
to confirm - подтверждать	confirmation -
to apply – применять	application -

МОДЕЛЬ 2

основа глагола + - er / or = существительное со значением лица, производящего действия или орудия труда

to distribute - распределять	distributor -
to operate - оперировать	operator -
to consume - потреблять	consumer -
to speak - говорить	speaker -
to teach - обучать	teacher -
to design - конструировать	designer -

Grammar Review

II. Объясните, синонимами или антонимами являются приведенные ниже пары слов:

advantage – disadvantage; to remain – to stay; reliable – unreliable; fast – slow; apart from – besides, in addition; capable – incapable; to begin – to start; liquid – solid; to cool – to heat; possible – impossible; weak – strong; to build – to break; aircraft – plane; engine – motor.

III. Выберите английский эквивалент русского предложения из предлагаемых вариантов:

1. Он должен идти домой.

Не may go home. Не must go home. He had to go home.

2. Он должен идти домой в 5 часов.

Не must go home at 5 o’clock. He is to go home at 5 o’clock. He may go home at 5 o’clock.

3. Он может идти домой в 5 часов.

Не may go home at 5. He can go home at 5. He must go home at 5.

4. Он должен будет идти домой раньше.

Не must go home earlier. He should go home earlier. He will have to go home earlier.

5. Ему следует идти домой.

Не should go home. He may go home. He had to go home.

6. Он может очень быстро ходить.

Не can walk very quickly. Не will be able to walk very quickly. He could walk very quickly.

7. Ему разрешат идти домой после трех.

Не is permitted to go home after 3. He was permitted to go home after 3. He will be permitted to go home after 3.

8. Ему не нужно идти домой сразу.

Не is not allowed to go home at once. He could not go home at once. He needn’t go home at once.

Reading

in spite of – несмотря на	instead of – вместо
to confirm – подтверждать	to represent – представлять
to comprise – содержать (в себе)	to receive – получать
letterhead – шапка (письма)	to mention – упоминать
sender’s address – адрес отправителя	to mean (meant) – означать
reference – ссылка	attention – внимание
addressee’s name – адрес получателя	to exist – существовать
salutation – приветствие	Yours sincerely [sin׳siәli] – с уважением
signature – подпись	Yours faithfully [׳feiθfәli] – с уважением
enclosure – приложение	essential – существенный

Text 1

The Structure of Business Letters

Letter-writing is an essential part of business. In spite of telephone, fax, e-mail and telegraphic communication writing of letters continues to exist. In fact most telephoned and telegraphed communications have to be confirmed in writing. The letter is often an evidence of the arrangement¹ or contract and must be written with care.

Business letters are usually written on printed company forms. They comprise the following main components: letterhead (sender’s name and address), the date, references, the addressee’s name (company name) and address, the salutation, the body of the letter, the parting, the signature, the enclosure.

Name of the company Sender’s address: Number of building, Street City, state/county, post/zip code Country Telephone, fax, e-mail Date Re: Addressee’s name Company address For the attention of Salutation: Dear Mr / Ms Hill Body of the letter: 1. Opening 2. Main part 3. Closing Parting Signature Enclosure c.c.

The date

The month in the date is not recommended to write in figures which can be confusing²: in Great Britain and Europe – day, month, year; in the USA – month, day, year.

The salutation “Dear Sir or Madam” is more widely used today instead of “Dear Sirs”.

The body of the letter

A business letter usually sticks to one problem. The letter usually consists of three main parts: the opening in which the sender gives the reason for writing, tells what sort of company he represents; the main part where he discusses the problem and gives details; and the closing in which he tells what further steps will be taken.

The parting formula “Yours sincerely”, “Yours faithfully” (GR), “Yours truly” (US).

The signature

Business letters are signed by hand in ink³. The sender’s name and title are typed⁴ below the signature.

The enclosure

If there are enclosures, e.g. leaflets, brochures with the letter they are mentioned at the bottom.

c.c.

This abbreviation originally meant “carbon copy, today it tells who else receives a copy of the letter.

Notes:

1. evidence of the arrangement – свидетельство договора

2. confuse - путать

3. in ink – чернилами

4. to type – печатать

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the purpose of a business letter today?

2. What does the letterhead of a business letter consist of?

3. Why is the month in the day not recommended to write in figures?

4. What salutation is the most frequent at present?

5. What information is enclosed in the letter?

6. Is the abbreviation “c.c.” a constant part in the letters?

IV. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке:

1 We feel that this is a good time to investigate Telecom stock with a view to a substantial commitment in the medium term. Should there be any last- minute developments we will e-mail you immediately.

2 Dear Mr Kaltwasser

3 Prendergast & Johnson Investment Consultants

52 Carter Lane

London EC5 7ZG England

10 February 20____

4 IВА Livestmentfonds

Hohe Bruck 44

60437 Frankfurt am Main

Germany

5 Yours sincerely

Prendergast & Johnson

V. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1 Thank you very much for your recent enquiry about …………….. . We look forward to hearing from you soon.

2 Dear Mr Jaspers

3 Yours sincerely

John Smith

J.L. Smith

Sales Manager

4 Mr Harald Jaspers

Wein- und Spirituosen GmbH

Eschbachweg 24

D-40625 Dusseldoif

5 XYZ Company

PO Box 32901

London EC4T 2VC

Telephone: 0171 429 5000

Telefax: 0171 320 429

3 July 20 ___

VI. Перед вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

(1) Foreign Language Institute
555 (2) Deer Run Lane
Aurora. (3)CO 80014
	(4) Sandberg Educational
	(5) Orchard Ridge Corporal
	Building Two, Fields Lane
	(6) Brewster, NY 10509

a) the street name in the return address

b) the addressee's company name

c) the sender's company name

d) the town in the mailing address

e) the street name in the mailing address

f) the ZIP Code in the return address

VII. Перед вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

(1) The Interstay Hotel
(2) 1114 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY (3) 10033
	Mr John D.Enright
	(4) Computronic Inc.
	PO BOX (5) 8230
	(6) Austin, TX 76190

a) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

b) the ZIP Code in the return address

c) the town in the mailing address

d) the sender's name

e) the addressee's company name

f) the house number in the return address

Text 2

Because the main goal of business correspondence is to reach an agreement between the partners, its style is strictly official or formal. That means that words are to be used in their primary meaning. It is recommended to keep words to a minimum, to compose clear sentences, to use facts and keep to the point. On the other hand, business correspondence is characterized by more sophisticated (сложный) language and has its own terminology and standard abbreviation. Here are used some traditional obsolete (устаревшие) words and foreign borrowings (mainly Latin and French origin) like: per capita, memorandum. In general the formal style is characterized by:

- more complex sentences;

- frequent use of impersonal sentences;

- bookish vocabulary;

- avoiding contraction (сокращения), colloquial words (разговорные слова) and slang.

VIII. Сравните две колонки синонимов и запомните их:

Informal Style	Formal Style
big	substantial
a buy	a purchase
so-so	satisfactory
to send	to forward, to dispatch
to get	to obtain
to give	to supply
to show	to indicate
to tell	to inform
to thank	to be grateful
wrong	incorrect
to get better and better	to improve
to get worse and worse	to depreciate, to decline
to keep in touch	to keep apprised, to keep informed
our idea	the company’s proposal
we wanted	the corporation required
your letter to us	the correspondence received
you will get your money back	you will be repaired the loan
to owe	to be in debt to smb., to be obliged to smb.

IX. Перепишите предложения, используя деловой формальный стиль:

1. We want you to give us your answer immediately.

2. Your cheque is wrong.

3. You still owe us $ 1000.

4. Please don’t change the supplier.

5. We can’t tell you about delivery because we don’t know.

6. We have been waiting for payment too long.