16. Вас попросили підготувати реферат іноземною мовою на тему Інтеграція України у Європейську спільноту на цій конференції The integration of Ukraine into European Community

1. In May 1949 the European Council was established by ten countries-founders. Up to now thirty European countries including Ukraine have become members of the organization.

2. In 1995 the EC Committee of Ministers legalized the membership of our state by special declaration. Being the member of EC, Ukraine takes part in the solution of different problems: first of all, humanitarian, legal and social-economic.

17. Уявіть собі, що Ви берете участь у Міжнародній конференції з питань захисту навколишнього середовища. Проінформуйте учасників про: проблеми та важливість захисту навколишнього середовища.

18. Уявіть собі, що Ви берете участь у Міжнародній конференції з питань захисту навколишнього середовища. Проінформуйте учасників про: охорону довкілля в Україні. Environmental Issues

Ukraine is interested in cooperating on regional environmental issues. Conservation of natural resources is a stated high priority, although implementation suffers from a lack of financial resources. Ukraine established its first nature preserve, Askania-Nova, in 1921 and has programs to breed endangered species.The country has significant environmental problems, especially those resulting from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in 1986 and from industrial pollution. In accordance with its previously announced plans, Ukraine permanently closed the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station in December of 2000. In November of 2001, Ukraine withdrew an application it had made to the EBRD for funding to complete two new reactor units to compensate for the energy once produced by Chernobyl. Ukrainian concern over reform conditions attached to the loan - particularly tariff increases needed to ensure loan repayment--led the Ukrainian government to withdraw the application on the day the EBRD Board was to have considered final approval. Work on the so-called "object shelter" to permanently entomb the reactor where the world's worst nuclear accident occurred has been slower than anticipated but continues. Design work as well as structural improvements to the "sarcophagus" erected by the Soviet Union are largely complete, and construction on the new shelter is scheduled to begin in 2004. Ukraine also has established a Ministry of Environment and has introduced a pollution fee system that levies taxes on air and water emissions and solid waste disposal. The resulting revenues are channelled to environmental protection activities, but enforcement of this pollution fee system is lax.

The environmental situation

The high level of industrial and agricultural concen­tration and ecologically unjustified economic activities of the managerial structures of the former USSR are responsible for a rather complicated ecological situation that has taken shape in Ukraine. The most unfavourable is the Donetsk—Trans-Dnieper region where a lot of mining metallurgical and chemical enterprises are oper­ating.

As a result of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant disaster of 1986, the environmental situation has be­come much worse. Apropos of this Ukraine appealed to the UN requesting help to overcome the disaster af­termath. The Environmental Protection Law well in compliance with international standards m this field has been in force since 1991.

The economic mechanism of conservation is being introduced. Environmental safeguards of conservation bodies have become more stringent. Ecological monitor­ing has covered Ukraine's whole area and the Extraor­dinary Governmental Commission on the Problems of the Dnipro and Upgrading the Quality of Drinking Water has been set up. Ukraine has actively joined in­ternational cooperation in the freW of environmental protection. Agreements have been signed with conser­vation bodies of the USA, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Germany and Latvia. The Ukrainian delegation took part in the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rto de Janeiro.

Ukraine enters a new phase of its history with in­tentions to create a democratically minded, law-based, independent society. Ukraine is looking for its place in European House, in the civilized world going to its aim unswervingly. ECOLOGY

Pollution is contamination of the environmental situation, including air, water, and land. Such contamination originates from human activities.

Pollution became evident in Ukraine with industrial development in the 19^th century. Ukraine contains some of the most polluted landscapes in Eastern Europe.

Air pollution is especially severe in the heavily industrialized cities of Kharkiv, Luhans'k, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k and Zaporizhzhia. Coal-using industries are major sources of high levels of uncontrolled emissions of harmful substances.

Other Ukrainian cities with major chronic air pollution problems include Kyiv, Komunars'k, Makiivka and Odesa.

Over one-third of the emissions into the atmosphere originate from automobile transport. It is aggravatec by the use of leaded gasoline and inefficient engines as well as a lack of catalytic converters.

Almost all surface waters of Ukraine belong to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov basins. The higr-population density and low protection have given rise to chronic and serious levels of water pollution ir Ukraine.

The Dniester and the Danube are the most polluted bodies of water. Hundreds of small rivers suppb water for villages and cities of Ukraine. Those water arteries are so polluted as to pose fatal health risk ■ the people who depend on them. About half of the chemical fertilizers applied in the fields are washed of into the river.

One of the areas suffering most from chronic coastal water pollution is the Sea of Azov. The sea s salinity has increased by 40 percent since the 1950's. It has resulted in a dramatic drop in fish catches N 60-90 percent.

On April 26,1986 a horrible accident occurred at the Chornobyl' nuclear station. There was a nuclear I reactor explosion, which had far reaching consequences. Contamination by various radioactive isotopes i has affected the air, land and water of Ukraine. About 100,000 people were exposed to deadly levels ■ radiation before being evacuated. Recorded but unreported radiation levels in Kyiv the maximum levels by a hundredfold. Numbers of death and children leukemia have occurred in the affected areas.

Significant areas of lands will remain unsafe for food production for 8000 years. Workers enclosed th destroyed reactor in a steel and containment building, but radiation continues to leak from this structure.

After the Chornobyl disaster the environmental situation has become much worse. Ukraine appealec the UNO requesting help to overcome the disaster aftermath. The ecological organization Green World s active in Ukraine.

Since 1991 the Environmental Protection Law has been in force. Environmental safeguards a conservation bodies have become more stringent. Ecological monitoring has covered Ukraine's wh area. The Governmental Commission on the Problems of the Dnieper and Drinking Water has been set i

Ukraine has joined international cooperation in the field of environmental protection. Agreemer have been signed with conservation bodies of the USA. Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Germany and Latv The Ukrainian delegation took part in the UNO Conference on the Problems of Environment.

17. Ви відвідували цикл лекцій щодо здорового способу життя. Ви розповідаєте своєму товаришу про це. Висловіть свою думку щодо спорту і фізичного виховання у формуванні здорової молоді в Україні. SPORTS Since ancient times, Ukrainians were skilful archers, horsemen and wrestlers. In the late 19^th century Euro­pean sports and games were introduced; football and wrestling became the most popular.

Kyiv's famous soccer team "Dynamo" won the Euro­pean Cup Holder's Cup twice, in 1975 and 1985. Oleh Blokhin and Ihor Byelanov were named Europe's best soccer players.

The "Spartak" handball team from Kyiv, led by Sen­ior Coach Ihor Turchyn has won 13 European Cham­pion's Cups. Zinaida Turchyna and Larysa Karlova were named best players in the World and European Cham­pionships several times.

The Ukrainian school of gymnastics is recognized the world over. Its representatives Iryna Deriuhina, Oleksandra Tymoshenko, Oksana Skald ina and others have won world and European championships. Larysa Latynina has the longest history of records in the Olympic Games: 18 medals, including 9 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze.

Valeriy Borzov, the famous sprinter, won 2 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals at the 20th and 21st Olympic Games. Serhiy Bubka, eight times world champion in the pole vault and Olympic champion holds 35 world records. He has been named World's Best Athlete.

Having just proclaimed its independence, Ukraine sent the national team to the 1994 Olympics. At the XVII Winter Games in Norway, young figure skater Ok-sana Bayul won the first gold medal for independent Ukraine. At the 26th Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ukrainian athletes won 9 gold medals, plus a score of silver and bronze.

The names of the winners have become known the world over: all-around Olympic champion in gymnastics Lilia Podkopayeva; Olympic champion in women's free­style gymnastics Katia Serebrianska; Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling Viacheslav Oliynyk;. Olympic champion in weight-lifting Tymur Taimazov; Olympic champion in boxing Volodymyr Klychko; Olympic cham­pions yachtsmen Yevhen Braslavets and Ihor Matvi-yenko; Olympic champion track-and-field athlete Inessa Kravets, and others.