- •Vladivostok
- •Everyday phrases:
- •Read, learn and remember.
- •Listen to the dialogues, repeat and memorize them.
- •Make up dialogues and act them:
- •“You promised to tell me your history, you know”, said Alice. (l.Carrol)”
- •III. Prepositions (Предлоги)
- •Into – out of
- •In front of – behind
- •Everyday phrases:
- •Read, learn and remember.
- •Listen to the dialogues, repeat and memorize them.
- •Make up dialogues and act them:
- •How to keep vocabulary records
- •Bilingual dictionaries:
- •Learning the material
- •How to learn a new language
- •When you come across an unfamiliar word in the text
- •How to Choose a Dictionary
- •Vocabulary
- •Verbs Do andMake
- •Prepositions at the beginning/ at the end / in the beginning / in the end
- •Beside, besides, except
- •Everyday phrases:
- •Read, learn and remember.
- •Listen to the dialogues, repeat and memorize them.
- •Verbs to see, to look and to watch
- •Prepositions
- •Everyday phrases:
- •Read, learn and remember.
- •Listen to the dialogues, repeat and memorize them.
- •Make up dialogues in pairs and act them:
- •Read the story and explain why the situation was awkward.
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the points that make a best friend. Tell if you agree or disagree with them. Which of them are the most important. You can add your own points.
- •Work in groups. Discuss the best ways of spending free time with your friends. Inform the other students about them.
- •Vocabulary
- •Verbs to have and to take
- •References
III. Prepositions (Предлоги)
Предлоги являются одним из труднейших для употребления языковых явлений, что особенно актуально для английского языка, как языка аналитического строя. Вместе со служебными словами предлоги относятся к наиболее частотным элементам языка (на сто английских предложений в среднем приходится около 300 предлогов).
Предлогивремени (Prepositions of Time)
Ряд предлогов совмещает временное значение с другими, что является причиной их ошибочного употребления.
Предлог atупотребляется при указании на точное время, а также с названиями праздников.
At 5 o’clock, at 3.30, at this moment, at Christmas, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise, at sunset.
Предлог in употребляется при указании периода времени, по окончании которого произойдет действие, а также с названием времен года, обозначением лет, месяцев и частей суток.
In three weeks, in 1945, in May, in the evening
But: last year, this week, this year, next month.
Remember the following word combinations:
In spring, in summer, in autumn, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, but at night.
Предлогon употребляется с более общим обозначением времени (по сравнению с предлогом at), с названиями дней недели, с обозначением дат.
on Monday, on the 8th of March, on his birthday, on a Saturday afternoon
AT +clock time / weekend / public holiday (at Christmas, at Easter). I’ll see youat 5 o’clock.
He called me at lunch time, at the weekend, at night (but: in the night, when you talk about one particular night – I was bitten by mosquitoes in the night)
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IN + part of day / longer period (we say in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, but we say at night ) We use in with weeks, months, seasons, years and centuries. I’m going to Australia in the first week of July). I’m going to Australia in April/ in spring/in 2013/in a year (черезгод). |
ON + particular day We use on with days, dates or expressions like Sunday morning, Christmas day, Friday afternoon.
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Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions of time.
I shall meet you … 3 o’clock sharp.
The lesson will be over … 20 minutes.
Last Sunday I slept very long and got up only … noon.
They have English … Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.
My birthday is … the 25th of December.
Many English families gather … Christmas.
Many birds fly to the South … autumn.
I can’t answer this question … the moment but if you wait I’ll do it … a few minutes.
I’m sorry I can’t meet you … Tuesday as I have an appointment … 2.30.
I met her … 1998.
My grandmother likes to get up …sunrise.
The school year in our country begins … 1st of September.
I get up … 7 o’clock … the morning.
Can you meet me … Friday afternoon?
She got many nice presents … her birthday.
They returned from the wood … sunset.
He will be here … a few minutes.
She always visits me … Sundays.
… two years’ time she will be 20.
It’s very cool here … evening.
I began reading the book … seven o’clock and finished only … midnight.
Предлог from употребляется для обозначения момента начала действия в прошлом или будущем и почти всегда сочетается с предлогамиto илиtill. (Ср. с предлогомsince, который употребляется только для обозначения момента в прошлом, в который началось действие, длящееся до момента речи).
She lived in London from 1970 till 1980.
I shall be at home from 2 till 5 p.m.
Предлог sinceупотребляется при обозначении момента в прошлом, с которого началось действие, продолжающееся до момента речи, часто встречается с группой перфектных времен.
I have lived here since childhood.We have known her since 1980. I’vebeenworkinginthegardensincemorning.
Предлог byупотребляется для обозначения самого позднего момента, к которому произойдет действие; byчасто употребляется с группойFutureTenses.
She will come by 8 o’clock.Dan is in Moscow, he will come back by the end of the week. Theworkwillbefinishedbytomorrow.
Предлог forупотребляется при обозначении периода времени, в течение которого длится действие; forчасто встречается с группой перфектных времен.
I haven’t seen her for three months.
Exercise 2. Fill in the prepositions.
We have been friends … childhood.
She will be at the Institute … 10 a.p. … 3 p.m.
She has lived in St. Peterburg … 1970.
I shall read this book … the end of the week.
You must finish this work … the end of the month.
I haven’t spoken to him … 2 months.
We have had no rain … three months.
He still comes to see me … some time.
He has been ill … the last Monday.
You must give the answer … December 31st.
They have been living here … 2010.
He has been ill … the day he was born.
… January 1st there has been no work done in this factory.
Do you think he is going to stay … ever?
We are going to start .. . daybreak.
She’ll live in a town … September … May.
They come to visit us … time … time.
She has been in hospital … June.
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with prepositions of time.
He bought the car … August.
He never comes … class … time.
She arrived … 5 o’clock by bus.
Every morning I get on a bus … 8.30.
I won’t be back … an hour. You should eat without me.
Everyone finished dinner … seven o’clock.
Would you give me your pen for a minute?
I have known Jack … many years.
I’ll wait for him … six o’clock.
The game lasted … hours.
I didn’t finish my work … time to show it to the teacher.
I have been working on this … two hours.
He gets up … seven o’clock …the morning.
I told them I should be there … an hour.
She was usually quite tired … the end of the day.
I see her … time … time.
His office hours are … ten … six.
Did anyone call me … my absence?
Nick arrived … six o’clock sharp.
The train will arrive … two minutes.
He will be back … three o’clock.
I haven’t heard this song … last winter.
Exercise 4. Translate from Russian into English.
Прошлой зимой я часто катался на лыжах. 3. Я думаю, он позвонит вам ровно в полдень. 4. Учебный год начинается 1 сентября. 5. Летние каникулы начинаются с июля и длятся до сентября. 6. На следующей неделе я иду в театр с друзьями. Спектакли начинаются в 7 часов вечера. 7. Я живу во Владивостоке с 1994 года. Зимой в городе часто дуют сильные ветры, в июне обычно туманно и сыро. В августе море теплое и можно купаться. 8. Студенты должны приходить на занятия к 8.30. 9. Дочь наших соседей учится в Лондоне с прошлого года. Через год она закончит свою учебу и вернется домой работать экономистом. 10. Я не видел его с прошло й недели. 11. Я собираюсь закончить писать сочинение к 5 часам. 12. Он закончит школу через два года и собирается поступать в ДВФУ. 13. Если поезд прибудет во время в субботу, мы не опоздаем на автобус в деревню. 14. Я поеду в деревню на следующей неделе и собираюсь прожить там до конца лета. 15. Я люблю вставать на рассвете и смотреть, как встает солнце. 16. Ровно в полдень начинают звонить колокола. 17. В этот момент он сдает экзамены в университет. 18. Я люблю дарить своим родным и друзьям подарки на Рождество. 19. Они ездят отдыхать на острова время от времени. 20. Дождь идет уже два дня.
Предлогиместоположения (Prepositions of Place)
At, on, in
ata point/place
We met our friend at the airport. I live at 52 Green Road. He’s at work now (not at home).The chair is at the wall.We were at the concert. She was standing at the corner of the street.
inan area or space
She lives in Moscow. China is in Asia. The table is in my room. The book is in the bag. I met her in the street.
on a surface
The book is on the shelf. The ball is on the floor.
Under a surface
The cat usually sleeps under the table. The ball is under the bench.
off a surface
Take the book off the table. He fell off the stairs.
across The river runs across the field.
along The boy is running along the street.
away from Go away from the window.
round The dog is running round the house.
toCome to the table.
past They ran past the park.
through We didn’t dare go through the forest, because it was dark.
next to My best friend lives next door to my flat.
opposite There is a TV-set opposite a sofa.
near The bus stop is near my house.
towardsOn Sundays a lot of people move towards the sea.
Some prepositions form pairs of opposites.
Up – down
They went on down the river. The balloons went up.
Over/above – under/below
Note: over and under sometimes suggest movement.
When we flew over Moscow we couldn’t see much because we were above the clouds. Below us was the river which ran under the bridge.
