Краудсорсинг

Термин «краудсорсинг» впервые был введен в 2006 г. писателем Джеффом Хауи. Он образован от английских слов crowd - толпа и sourcing - использование ресурсов, и обозначает передачу определенных производственных функций неопределенному кругу лиц без заключения трудового договора. По сути – это использование потенциала огромного количества людей для решения различных задач, которые возникают при ведении бизнеса.

Основное отличие краудсорсинга от аутсорсинга заключается в том, что в оутсорсинге работа отсылается за пределы компетенции компании профессиональным исполнителям за определенные деньги, а в краудсорсинге затраты сводятся к минимуму, ибо всю необходимую работу делают профессионалы-любители, которые тратят свое свободное время на решение той или иной бизнес-задачи.

Краудсорсинг – это инновации с расчетом на пользователя, при которых производители полагаются на пользователей не только в вопросе формулировки потребностей, но и в определении изделий и усовершенствований, которые могли бы удовлетворить эти потребности.

Можно сказать, что это направление создано в расчете на предполагаемое желание потребителей бесплатно или за небольшую цену поделиться своими идеями с компанией, исключительно из интереса увидеть эти идеи воплощенными в производстве.

Таким образом, основная идея краудсорсинга – снижение затрат компании с одновременным получением доступа к огромному человеческому потенциалу.

Task III. Read the following dialogues. Try to guess the meaning of the business idioms given in bold. Give their Russian equivalents.

1.A: Listen: take my advice and don't rock the boat.

B: You mean... forget that Paul ever told me anything was wrong?

2.A: We've got to be careful how we handle this business with Sammy.

B: Mmm. The reputation of the hotel is at stake.

3.A:But do you have any proof of this?

B: Oh yes. Norman gave the game away.

4.A: Shrewd fellow, Paul Drew.

B: Smart as they come. You won't pull the wool over his eyes.

5. A: You seem to be raking it in these days, Dick.

B: Well, it's true up to a point. We've certainly been making a bomb on the restaurant.

6. A: Sammy's the ideal hotel manager!

B: Well, in some ways. For instance, he's extrovert, sociable — a real live wire.

7. A: Why on earth did anyone let that loud mouth into the cabaret last night? How did he get past Sammy?

B: Well, Sammy saw he was sloshed... He was going to throw him out. But the guy pulled a fast one on him... told him he was the Prime Minister's nephew!

Vocabulary excercises

Ex. 1. Do you know the meaning of the following derivatives?

to manage; manageable; management; manager; manageress; managerial

Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.

1. The reserved the right to make managerial decision.

2. What you need is advice from your bank manager.

3. I wish you could manage the time to come and to talk to us.

4. Private banks are being nationalized, and are to be managed with workers’ participation.

5. They are part of my management team.

6. The baby can be greatly influenced by the parents’ management.

7. She has been working as the manageress of a bookshop.

8. It is perfectly manageable task to tackle systematically

Ex. 2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word-combinations.

Involved in management; production oriented; impose regulations, ever-more-complex environment; encompasses both science and art; business executives; code of conduct; develop the body of knowledge; with respect to the second criterion; the issue is much less clear-out; is consistent with their interest; self-interest or concern for others; classical approach; produce profits; breakdown of responsibilities; take the best of these approaches; contingency approach; common sense and experience; at the turn of the century; governmental agencies; be sensitive and responsive; nothing is rigid and absolute; adopt new methods; supervise firmly and fairly; draw on intuition and subjective judgment; time-consuming; non-core functions; outsource various jobs; third party; performed by in-house employees; adapt to new methods; within limits, dominant providers; reward and penalty.

Ex.3. Fill in the blanks with one of the missing words in its right form.

be, oversee, carry out, ensure, base, compare, require, receive, take, keep, study, decide, deal, call, attempt

The Work of Management

In planning, managers outline the steps …1 in moving the organization toward the objectives. These plans …2 both long and short term in nature.

In organizing, managers …3 how best to put together the organizations’ human and other resources in such a way as …4 most effectively established plans. In directing, managers …5 day-to-day activities and …6 the organization functioning smoothly. In effect, directing is the part of the managers' work that …7 largely with the routine.

In carrying out the control function, managers take those steps necessary …8 that each part of the organization is following the plan that was outlined for it at the planning stage. To do this, managers …9 the accounting and other re­ports coming to them and …10 these reports against the plans set earlier. The accounting and other reports coming to management …11 feedback. Feedback is a key to the effective management of any organization.

In decision making, managers …12 to make rational choices among alternatives. Decision making is an inseparable part of the other functions already discussed. Planning, organiz­ing and directing, and controlling all …13 the decisions to be made. All decisions …14 on information. The quality of management's decisions will be a reflection of the quality of the accounting and other information that it …15 .

Ex.4. Choose the right word to complete the sentences.

Management

1. You must keep staff …, especially when things get difficult.

a. generated b. motivated c. frustrated d. electrified

2. Weigh up the...of each alternative before deciding.

a. checks and balances b. assets c. pros and cons d. profits

3. A good manager must be able to handle ... situations.

a. sensible b. impressive с touching d. touchy

4. He decided to let things..., so he dropped the subject until later.

a. freeze b. ice over c. cool down d. flare up

5. She...creating a better atmosphere amongst the staff.

a. set about b. set off c. set out d. set down

6. We need to have...arrangement; in case things don’t work out.

a. container b. contingency с. consolidated d. consecutive

7. In a meeting you must stop people talking at … purposes.

a. opposite b. angry c. cross d. opposing

8. Why doesn't he stick to the point? He's always going off ... .

a. at an angle b. at a tangent c. by the way d. on the side

9. It's always difficult when a team is working ...a deadline.

a. in b. at c. to d. opposite

10. Try to ensure that each employee's...is not too great.

a. workload b. working practice с work-to-rule d. working party

11. Those who can't manage their time efficiently always have high stress... .

a. grades b. standards c. performances d. levels

12. The more responsibilities she..., the more mistakes she made.

a. took off b. took on c. took down d. took out

13. I hope the project continues to run as ... as it has so far.

a. calmly b. confidently с smoothly d. wisely

14. After ....many unforeseen obstacles they just managed to meet their deadline.

a. overtaking b. overcoming с overwhelming d. overriding

15. What can we do to improve ... in this department?

a. morale b. mortality c. moral d. temperament

Ex.5. What prepositions should be used below? Make up your own sentences.

1. competition … top talent; 2. capacity to react … global changes; 3.respect … other beliefs; 4 … one degree or another; 5.… the turn of the century; 6.must be responsible … the environment; 7. behavioral sciences can contribute … management; 8. the work deals … routine; 9. real success stems … ; a person responsible …; 11. a position that is consistent …; 12. concern … people; 13. insure … the damage; 14. is concerned …; 15. engaged …; 16. is

available … .

Ex. 6. Translate the definitions into English. Match them with the words given.

delegation, fringe benefits, mediation, termination, authority, layoff, efficiency, recruitment, retirement, staffing, responsibility

1. Достижение поставленных целей с наименьшими издержками

2. Отбор и обучение людей, обладающих способностями, для пополнения структуры организации.

3. Власть для действий, необходимых для осуществления решений или разрешения проблем.

4. Передача части какой-либо работы подчиненным.

5. Обязанность принимать решения или разрешать проблемы.

6. Выплаты, которые рабочий получает независимо от заработной платы.

7. Временное расторжение договора с работником, сделанное организацией с обещанием возобновления договора в будущем.

8. Помощь третьей стороны, не связанной официальными обязательствами, в разрешении конфликта.

9. Процесс привлечения кандидатов, которые могли бы выполнять необходимую работу.

10. Добровольное расторжение договора работником.

11. Расторжение организацией договора с работником без обещания принять его на работу.