- •Answers for questions:
- •Variant a
- •1. List the three management skills and define them.
- •2. Define what does ethics and business ethics mean?
- •3. What is task environment and what it includes? Explain each sector.
- •4. What are the types of leadership? Define them.
- •5. The process of globalization typically passes through how many distinct stages? Explain first two stages. What is the difference between multinational and global stages?
- •Variant b
- •1. What include external organizational environment?
- •2. What is the organizational structure and systems?
- •3. Define the three hierarchical levels of management.
- •5. What is the difference between Managers and Leaders?
- •Variant c
- •1.Definition of management.
- •2. What is it General Environment? Define types.
- •3. Write three form of ownership. Explain each of them.
- •4. Define ethical and legal responsibilities from total corporate social responsibility.
- •5. What is consideration behavior? Please explain.
- •Variant d
- •1.List four functions of management, define them and give example.
- •2. What is the difference between visible and invisible levels?
- •3. Write about market entry strategies? And give example for one of them.
- •4. What is the stakeholder mean? Who may include in stakeholder and what kind of interests do they have in the organization?
- •5. What is Power of leaders? Please identify the types of power of Leaders and Managers?
- •Variant e
- •1. What leadership skills should have a manager to control crisis and unexpected events?
- •2. Define types of corporate culture.
- •3. Give the definitions of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur, and give 3 types of Entrepreneurs?
- •4. Define three levels of Personal moral development and give definition for each of them.
- •5. What is the leadership Grid? Briefly explain styles of the leadership Grid?
4. What is the stakeholder mean? Who may include in stakeholder and what kind of interests do they have in the organization?
Stakeholder any person or group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization’s performance.
Each stakeholder has a different interest in the organization:
Employees expect work satisfaction, good salary, and good treatment.
Investors, shareholders, and suppliers expect managerial efficiency and effectiveness to achieve profits.
Customers expect quality, safety and availability of goods and services.
Government expects compliance with the law, consumer protection, and environment protection laws.
5. What is Power of leaders? Please identify the types of power of Leaders and Managers?
Power the ability of a person to influence other people behavior. Basically, influence is the effect a person’s actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs or behavior of others. Whereas power is the capacity to cause a change in a person, influence may be thought of as the degree of actual change.
Types of power:
Legitimate power
Reward power
Coercive power
Expert power
Referent power
Legitimate power arises as a result of the position that a person holds in the organization. The person possessing this power has the ability to punish or reward his subordinates. (Compliance)
For example: the dean of university has the power to dismiss a student from the university if his attendance falls below 50% for all subjects.
Reward power: is the power to give a withhold rewards such as salary increase, bonus etc.
For ex: a manager declares 10% of the basic pay for the next month as New Year bonus for the employees. Here the manager has exercised reward power.
Coercive power: is the power to enforce compliance with rules and standards by means of psychological, emotional or physical treats.
For ex: punishment can be in the form of loss of one’s job, withholding the announced hike, disciplining the subordinate etc.
Expert power comes from skills, knowledge, abilities and experience that a person possesses.
For ex: doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc influence others, because they posses certain specialization knowledge.
Referent power: refers to a person who possesses desirable resources and/or personal traits of a leader. For ex: it is the personal power that accrues to an individual based on identification, imitation or charisma. People or groups are highly influenced by such powerful personalities.
Variant e
1. What leadership skills should have a manager to control crisis and unexpected events?
Stay calm. Leaders’ emotions are transmittable, so leaders have to stay calm, focused, and optimistic about the future. The most important part of manager’s job in a crisis situation is to absorb people’s fears and uncertainties. They acknowledge the difficulties; they must stay rock-steady and hopeful, which gives comfort, inspiration, and hope to others.
Be visible. When people’s worlds have become ambiguous and frightening, they need to feel someone is in control. Crisis is a time when leadership cannot be delegated.
Put people before business. The companies that weather a crisis best, whether the crisis is large or small, are those in which managers make people and human feelings their top priority.
Tell the truth. Managers should get as much information from as many diverse sources as they can, do their best to determine the facts, and then be open and straightforward about what is going on.
Know when to get back to business. Though managers should first deal with the physical and emotional needs of people, they need to get back to business as soon as possible.