Practical lesson 5 water-soluble and lipid- soluble vitamins. Vitamins as cofactors

Choose the one correct answer:

1. Which one of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?

A. vitamins are all organic compounds;

B. vitamins cannot be synthesized in the human body;

C. vitamins must be provided in the diet;

D. they are essential for the normal processes of metabolism;

E. the human body is able to produce lipid- soluble vitamins.

2. The lipid- soluble vitamins includes:

A. vitamins A, D, E, C;

B. vitamins A,B,C,D;

C. vitamins A,B,C,E;

D. vitamins B,C,D, K;

E. vitamins A,D,E,K

3. The water- soluble vitamins includes:

1. vitamins A,D, biotin;

2. vitamins B, C, E;

3. vitamins B, C, biotin;

4. vitamins A, D, K;

5. vitamins B,C, K.

4. Which one of the following statements about water-soluble vitamins is incorrect?

1. are soluble in fat;

2. are soluble in water;

3. no storage in the organism;

4. are excreted from the organism;

5. deficiency manifests rapidly.

5. Which one of the following statements about lipid-soluble vitamins is incorrect?

1. are soluble in fat;

2. are soluble in water;

3. stored in liver;

4. are not excreted from the organism;

5. deficiency manifests only when stores are depleted.

6. Which one of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect? In general, deficiency of vitamins may occur due to:

1. reduced intake;

2. impaired absorption and metabolism;

3. additional requirements;

4. increases losses;

5. increases intake.

7. Choose the one incorrect answer. FAD- dependent Enzymes are following:

1. succinate dehydrogenase;

2. Acyl CoA dehydrogenase;

3. xanthine oxidase;

4. pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase;

5. lactate dehydrogenase.

8. Choose the one incorrect answer. NAD⁺- dependent Enzymes are following:

1. lactate dehydrogenase;

2. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase;

3. pyruvate dehydrogenase, α- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase;

4. β- hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase;

5. succinate dehydrogenase.

9. Choose the one incorrect answer. NADPH-generating reactions are following:

1. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase:

2. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase;

3. cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase;

4. malic enzyme;

5. lactate dehydrogenase.

10. Choose the one incorrect answer. NADPH- utilizing reactions are following:

A. lactate dehydrogenase;

B. HMG CoA reductase;

C. met-hemoglobin reductase;

D. phenyl alanine hydroxylase.

E. Folate reductase.

Practical lesson 6

Vitamins as cofactors. Folic acid. Ascorbic acid

Choose the ONE INcorrect answer:

1. Causes for Folate deficiency are following;

1. pregnancy;

2. defective absorption and dietary deficiency;

3. drugs;

4. Folate trap;

5. cancer.

2. Manifestations for Folate deficiency are following;

1. reduced DNA synthesis ;

2. macrocytic anemia;

3. homocysteinemia;

4. birth defects;

5. folate trap.

3. Ascorbic acid need to following reactions:

1. lactate dehydrogenase;

2. hydroxylation of proline;

3. hydroxylation of lysine;

4. hydroxylation of tryptophan;

5. hydroxylation of parahydroxy phenyl pyruvate.

4. Ascorbic acid has role in….

1. reversible oxidation-reduction;

2. iron metabolism;

3. selenium metabolism;

4. hemoglobin metabolism

5. folic acid metabolism.

5. Ascorbic acid has role in….

1. adrenal steroidogenesis;

2. the bile acids synthesis;

3. the collagen synthesis;

4. reduced DNA synthesis;

5. serotonin synthesis.

6. Ascorbic acid has role in….

1. reversible oxidation-reduction;

2. phagocytosis;

3. anti- oxidant property of the organism;

4. reduction of lactate;

5. hydroxylation of proline.

7. Causes for Ascorbic deficiency are following;

1. dietary deficiency;

2. defective absorption;

3. drugs;

4. increases losses;

5. increases intake.

8. Deficiency manifestations of vitamin C are following:

1. hemorragic tendency;

2. subcutaneous hemorrhage;

3. hemorrhage in the conjunctiva and retina;

4. swelling legs;

5. Barlow’s diseases.

9. The reasons for microcytic, hypochromic anemia in ascorbic deficiency may be:

1. loss of blood by hemorrhage;

2. decreased tetrahydrofolic acid;

3. reduced DNA synthesis;

4. decreased iron metabolism;

5. accumulation of met- hemoglobin in the erythrocytes.

10. Ascorbic deficiency may be characterized:

1. petechiae and acchymoses;

2. hematuria and melena;

3. painful, swollen and spongy gums;

4. hemorrhage into joint cavities;

5. swelling legs.

Appendix III