Practical lesson 2

ANABOLISM OF LIPIDS. METABOLISM OF KETONE BODIES

Choose the correct answer:

1. Common precursors for synthesis of TG and PL are following except

A. glycerol 3 phosphate;

B. acyl CoA;

C. phosphatidic acid;

D. dioxyaceton phosphate;

E. citidyldiphosphorylglycerol.

2. For biosynthesis of palmitate needs following except

A. acetyl CoA;

B. NADPHH⁺;

C. CO₂ and ATP;

D. biotin;

E. vitamin C.

3. Enzymes participating for synthesis of palmitate are following except

A. isocitrate DH (in mitochondria);

B. citrate synthase;

C. malic enzyme;

D. acyl CoA carboxylase;

E. fatty acid synthase complex.

4. The reduction of NADP⁺ takes place in the following reactions and pathway. Choose one incorrect answer

A.PPP;

B.HMP shunt;

C. “malic” reaction;

D. isocitrate DH reaction (cytosolic);

E. isocitrate DH reaction (mitochondria).

5.The key enzyme of fatty acid synthesis is…

A. citrate lyase;

B. acetyl CoA carboxylase;

C.3-ketoacyl synthase;

D.3-ketoacyl reductase;

E. β-hydroxy-β-metylglutaryl reductase.

6. Activator for fatty acid synthesis is…

A. adrenalin;

B. noradrenalin;

C. glucagon;

D. insulin;

E. cAMP

7. Acyl CoA carboxylase in…

A. mitochondria;

B. cytosol;

C. endoplasmic reticulum;

D. liposome;

E. microsome.

8. Fatty acid synthase complex in….

A. mitochondria;

B. cytosol;

C. endoplasmic reticulum;

D. liposome;

E. microsome.

9. Which one of the following statement about fatty acid synthase is incorrect.

A. in human body synthase exists as a dimer;

B. synthase complex contains of 7 enzymes;

C. as source of reduced equivalent NADPHH⁺ is used;

D. location in cytosol;

E. needs for biotin

10. Shuttle system participating in the synthesis of fatty acid is…

A. malate-aspartate;

B. glycerophosphate;

C. malate.

D. citrate;

E. carnitine

Practical lesson 3 transport of lipids by blood. Metabolism of cholesterol. Pathology of lipid metabolism

1. Exogenous lipids can be transported by…

A. chylomicrons;

B. VLDL;

C. LDL;

D. HDL;

E. all following.

2. LCAT enzyme is associated with…

A. chylomicrons;

B. VLDL;

C. LDL;

D. HDL;

E. IDL.

3. Antiatherogenous lipoprotein is…

A. chylomicrons;

B. VLDL;

C. LDL;

D. HDL;

E. IDL.

4.Key enzyme for synthesis of cholesterol is…

A. citrate lyase;

B. acetyl CoA carboxylase;

C.thiolase;

D. β-hydroxy-β-metylglutaryl DH;

E. β-hydroxy-β-metylglutaryl reductase.

5. Key enzyme for synthesis of bile acids is…

A. cholesterol 7-α- hydroxylase;

B. acetyl CoA carboxylase;

C.thiolase;

D. β-hydroxy-β-metylglutaryl DH;

E. β-hydroxy-β-metylglutaryl reductase.

6. Synthesis of primary bile acids is located in….

A. gall bladder;

B. small intestine;

C. pancreas;

D. liver;

E. kidney.

7. As donor of reduced equivalents for synthesis of ketone bodies ……. is used.

A. HADHH⁺;

B. HADPHH⁺;

C. FADH₂;

D. FMNH₂;

E. all following.

8. As donor of reduced equivalents for synthesis of mevalonic acid ……. is used.

A. HADHH⁺;

B. HADPHH⁺;

C. FADH₂;

D. FMNH₂;

E. all following.

9. Which lipoprotein particle can transfer cholesterol ester from peripheral cells to liver for its degradation?

A. chylomicrons;

B. VLDL;

C. LDL;

D. HDL;

E. IDL.

10.Foam cells are…

A. LDLs;

B. HDLs;

C. macrophages overloaded with cholesterol;

D. smooth muscle cells containing lipid droplets;

E. all cells of intima containing components of inflammation.