- •Lexicology: Матеріали до вивчення курсу
- •6.020303 Філологія (мова та література (англійська))
- •Contents
- •1. What is lexicology?..................................................................................................................5
- •2. A word as a fundamental unit of language...........................................................................6
- •3. Word stock formation...........................................................................................................14
- •4. Lexicography.........................................................................................................................20
- •5. Phraseology............................................................................................................................28
- •6. Etymological analysis of Modern English Vocabulary......................................................36
- •7. Semantics................................................................................................................................41
- •8. Semasiology............................................................................................................................46
- •9. Onomasiology.........................................................................................................................50
- •1.2 Two principal approaches
- •1.3. Branches of Lexicology
- •2. A word as a fundamental unit of a language Outline
- •2.2 The nature of the word
- •2.3 Four basic kinds of words:
- •4. Inner structure of the word
- •2.5 The method of morphemic analysis
- •Identification of Morphs
- •1. Semantic pov: roots and affixes
- •2. Position pov
- •3. Functional pov:
- •4. Structural pov:
- •3. Word stock formation Outline
- •3.2 Semantic word formation
- •3. Borrowing
- •4. Lexicography Outline
- •4.2 History of American Lexicography
- •4.3 Major Lexicography Issues:
- •4.4 Types of dictionaries
- •D ictionaries Linguistic Non-linguistic (encyclopedic)
- •5. Phraseology Outline
- •5.1 Phraseology. Free word-groups vs. Set expressions.
- •5.2 Different approaches to the classification of phraseological units.
- •5.1 Phraseology. Free word-groups (fwg) vs. Set expressions
- •5.2 Different approaches to the classification of Pus
- •Verbal ( the head word is a verb)
- •Interjectional
- •5.3 Ways of forming phraseological units
- •6. Etymological analysis of modern english vocabulary Outline
- •6.2 Words of native origin
- •6.3 The foreign component in the English vocabulary
- •6.4 Assimilation of borrowings
- •6.5 Etymological doublets
- •7. Semantics Outline
- •7.2 Lexical Meaning and Concept
- •7.3 Types of Lexical Meaning
- •4. Semantic Changes
- •8. Semasiology Outline
- •8.3 Homonyms
- •8.3B Traditional classification
- •8.3C Smirnitsky’s classification
- •8.3D Patterned homonyms
- •8.3E Sources of homonyms
- •8.3F Homonymy vs polysemy
- •8.4 Paronyms
- •9. Onomasiology
- •9.1 Onomasiology: definition
- •9.2 Synonyms.
- •9.2B Synonymic dominant
- •9.2E Difference in connotation classification
- •9.3 Sources of synonymy:
- •9.4 Antonyms
- •9.4A Types of antonyms
- •9.5 Partonymy
- •9.6 Hyponymy
- •9.7 Lexical semantic fields
- •10. Word stock stratification Outline
- •10.1 Chronological stratification
- •10.1A The basic vocabulary
- •10.1B Historic / archaic words
- •10.1C New words / neologisms
- •Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
- •10.2A Stylistically neutral words
- •10.2B Bookish words
- •10.2C Special Terminology
- •10.2D Colloquial Words
- •English Rhymes with Cockney
- •1. Lexicology and its tasks
- •2. Two principal approaches
- •3. Branches of Lexicology
- •Seminar №9 Word stock stratification Outline
- •Exercises & Tasks
- •Useful e-Resources
- •List of Abbreviations
- •Lexicology: Матеріали до вивчення курсу
9. Onomasiology.........................................................................................................................50
9.1. Onomasiology: definition................................................................................................50
9.2. Synonyms........................................................................................................................50
9.3. Sources of synonymy......................................................................................................53
9.4. Antonyms........................................................................................................................54
9.5. Partonymy.......................................................................................................................54
9.6. Hyponymy.......................................................................................................................54
9.7. Lexical Semantic Fields...................................................................................................55
10. Word stock stratification....................................................................................................56
10.1. Chronological stratification...........................................................................................56
10.2. Stylistic stratification.....................................................................................................56
Seminars: Outlines and Assignments......................................................................................61
Literature.................................................................................................................................101
Useful E-Resources..................................................................................................................102
List of Abbreviations...............................................................................................................102
1. WHAT IS LEXICOLOGY?
Outline
1.1 Lexicology and its tasks
1.2 Two principal approaches
1.3 Branches of Lexicology
1.1 Lexicology and its tasks
Lexicology is the study of lexis i.e. its vocabulary or lexicon.
Greek lexis is ‘word’ and logos denotes ‘learning, a department of knowledge’. Vocabulary = lexis = lexicon is the total word stock of the language.
Lexiсolоgу is ‘the science of the words’. Lexicology studies not only the simple words in all their aspects, but it deals with complex and compound words, the meaningful units of the language, etymology, the study of the origin of words.
Lexicology as a branch of linguistics has its own aims and methods of scientific research. Its basic task is a study and systematic description of vocabulary in respect to its origin, development and current use. Lexicology is concerned with words, variable word-groups, phraseological units, with morphemes which make up words.
1.2 Two principal approaches
In the framework of lexicology, both synchronic (Gr. syn “together”,“with” and chronos “time”) and diachronic or historical (Gr. dia “through”) suggested by the Swiss philologist Ferdinand de Saussure are applied.
The synchronic approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time, for instance, at the present time. It is special Desсriptive Lexicology that deals with the vocabulary and vocabulary units of a particular language at a certain time. A Course in Modern English Lexicology is a course in special Descriptive Lexicology, as its object of study is the English vocabulary as it exists at the present time.
The diachronic approach deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in the course of time. It is special Historical Lexicology that deals with the evolution of the vocabulary units of a language as time goes by. An English Historical Lexicology focuses on the origin of English vocabulary units, their change and development, the linguistic and extralinguistic factors modifying their structure, meaning and usage within the history of the English language.