Exercises
Ex.2. Find in the text and put down English equivalents to the following word combinations:
Модель, якій необхідно слідувати; узгоджене рішення експертів; більш ефективне використання ресурсів; нагальна ситуація; відповідають їх цілям; незалежна оцінка відповідності; мотивувати персонал; програма керування ризиками; ефективність роботи компанії; відповідати контексту; чітка мета.
Ex. 3. Find where in the text it is said about the points given below.
1. the principle of continual improvement;
2. benefits of an effective management system;
3. audit as an ISO's management system approach;
4. the reasons for certification.
Ex.4. Find the terms in the text which designate the following:
1. standards providing a model to follow when setting up and operating a management system;
2. the principle all ISO's management system standards are based on;
3. a part of ISO's management system approach enabling the company or organization to check how far their achievements meet their objectives;
4. third party conformity assessment.
Ex.5. Say if the following statements are true or false:
1. Management system standards are the result of international, expert consensus.
2. Management system standards cannot be applied to any organization.
3. External audits also play a role in showing conformity to the standard.
4. To get certified to one or more of ISO’s management system standards companies must contact an external certification body as ISO itself does not perform certification.
5. Organizations and companies often want to get certified to ISO’s management system standards as certification is a requirement.
Ex. 6. Answer the following questions:
1. What do management system standards provide?
2. What benefits does an effective management system have?
3. For what reasons many companies may decide to seek certification ?
4. Are there any alternatives to certification?
5. What are the examples of ISO’s management system standards?
Ex. 7. Describe the diagram. Explain how elements of ISO 14001-2004 relate to each other.
Ex. 8. Explain the principle of continual improvement.
Ex. 9. Prove the importance of certification.
Ex. 10. Make up a plan covering the main ideas. Discuss the text according to the plan.
Ex. 11. Discussion points:
Give examples of (Ukrainian) companies certified with ISO 9001 or ISO 14001.
Try to define advantages and disadvantages of first party assessment. Prove your answer.
Discuss the future of economic modeling.
UNIT 2
Exercise 1. Read and memorize the following words, words combinations and word-groups:
coherent – послідовний, злагоджений
anniversary - річниця
validating – затвердження, надання чинності
sophistication – ускладнення
collaboration – співробітництво
endeavors – спроби, намагання
hub – точка перетину
disseminate – поширювати
jointly – спільно
undertake – виконувати
set – набір, низка
on behalf of – від імені
tackle – братися за (роботу, вирішення проблем)
traceability - простежуваність
May 20 is World Metrology Day, commemorating the anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875. This treaty provides the basis for a coherent measurement system worldwide. Across the world, national metrology institutes continually advance measurement science by developing and validating new measurement techniques at whatever level of sophistication is needed. They also participate in comparisons coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) to ensure the reliability of measurement results worldwide.
Many measuring instruments are controlled by law or are subject to regulatory control, for example the scales used to weigh goods in a shop, instruments to measure environmental pollution, or meters used to bill energy. The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) develops international Recommendations, the aim of which is to align and harmonize requirements for these types of instruments worldwide.
World Metrology Day recognizes and celebrates the contribution of all the people that work in intergovernmental and national organizations throughout the year on behalf of all. It is an annual event during which more than 80 countries celebrate the impact of measurement on our daily lives. This date was chosen in recognition of the signing of the Metre Convention on 20 May 1875, the beginning of formal international collaboration in metrology. Each year World Metrology Day is organized and celebrated jointly by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) and the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) with the participation of the national organizations responsible for metrology.
About the BIPM
The
signing of the Metre Convention in 1875 created the BIPM and for the
first time formalized international cooperation in metrology. The
Convention established the International Bureau of Weights and
Measures and laid the foundations for worldwide uniformity of
measurement in all aspects of our endeavors, historically focusing on
and assisting industry and trade, but today just as vital as we
tackle the grand challenges of the 21st Century such as climate
change, health, and energy. Metrology is defined by the BIPM as "the
science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical
determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science
and technology. The BIPM undertakes scientific work at the highest
level on a selected set of physical and chemical quantities. The BIPM
is the hub of a worldwide network of national metrology institutes
(NMIs) which continue to realize and disseminate the chain of
traceability to the SI into national accredited laboratories and
industry. Traceability is the property of the result of a measurement
or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated
references, usually national or international standards, through an
unbroken chain of comparisons, all having stated uncertainties
In
1955 the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) was
established as an Intergovernmental Treaty Organization in order to
promote the global harmonization of legal metrology procedures with
the Bureau International de Métrologie Légale (BIML) as the
Secretariat and Headquarters of the OIML. Since that time, the OIML
has developed a worldwide technical structure whose
primary aim is to harmonize the regulations and metrological controls
applied by the national metrological services, or related
organizations.