II. Complete the sentences using the information from the text.

8. The World Wide Web (abbreviation WWW) is …

9. The Web contains …

10. Websites give the user …

11. There are computer programs …

12. Hard disk is …

III. Match each word or phrase in column a with a meaning in column b.

A B

1. WWW	a) computer software and hardware that allows users to create, store, and view text and move between related items easily and in a nonsequential way
2. hypertext	b) Cyberspace
3. expert system	c) a service provided on the internet enabling users to search for items of interest
4. website	d) connect (to); hook up (to)
5. search engine	e) compact disc
6. interactive	f) free from control in action, judgment, etc.; autonomous
7. independent	g) allowing or relating to continuous two-way transfer of information between a user and the central point of a communication system, such as a computer or television
8 CD	h) a group of connected pages on the World Wide Web containing information on a particular subject

IV. Answer the questions.

1. What is the name of one of the newest and most popular services available on the Internet?

2. What are websites used for?

3. What computer programs are there?

Text “Purposes of Computer”

I. Learn the words to read and translate the text.

1. purpose - назначение, намерение, цель; замысел, стремление

to accomplish / achieve / fulfill a purpose — достигнуть цели

Syn: aim , end , goal , object , objective , intention , design

2. tools - инструментарий, инструментальные программные средства

3. variety - многообразие, разнообразие; ряд, множество

4. security system - система безопасности; система защиты; система ограничения доступа (напр. к банку данных)

5. advanced system - система, построенная на основе последних технических достижений

6. expert system - экспертная система, ЭС система, использующая базу знаний (правил) для решения задач (выдачу рекомендаций) в некоторой предметной области, например в медицине, диагностике неисправностей, выборе конфигурации сложной компьютерной системы, планировании последовательности действий и др. Она должна обладать способностью объяснить, почему предложено то или иное решение и доказать его обоснованность.

7. decide - делать выбор

8. output - вывод [данных]

9. digital camera - цифровой фотоаппарат

10. edit - редактировать, готовить к печати

11. compatible - совместимое устройство

12. network - [вычислительная, компьютерная] сеть

13. connectivity - связность (компонентов системы)

network connectivity - возможность соединения (напр., компьютеров между собой); способность к взаимодействию (напр., программ между собой); возможность подключения; возможность связи; возможность соединения

14. share - разделять, совместно [коллективно] использовать (ресурс)

15. communication service - служба связи; communication services - услуги связи

16. log (-ed) – регистрировать; to log on to a computer подсоединяться к компьютеру (в рабочем сеансе)

17. FTP - File Transfer Protocol - протокол передачи файлов = программа передачи файлов в интернете между хост-компьютерами

18. host computer - хост-компьютер, главный компьютер, в Интернете он должен иметь уникальные IP-адрес и доменное имя; локальный компьютер

IP = Internet Protocol - ответственный за адресацию и передачу пакетов TCP по сети

IP = identification of position - идентификация положения

IP = information provider - информационный провайдер

19. server - сервер

20. downloading – скачивание

21. uploading - загрузка в удалённый компьютер (по линии связи); подкачка

Unlike most machines, computers do not have a fixed purpose. They are multi-purpose tools. They can be used in a very wide variety of situations. Computers are found in a wide range of systems including security systems, cars and phones. Advanced systems, known as expert systems, enable computers to 'think' like experts. Medical expert systems, for example, can help doctors diagnose an illness and decide on the best treatment. As computer systems are developed, they are becoming more common and are gradually being used for more and more purposes. A variety of peripherals can be added to a computer. One of the most common peripherals is a printer. Printer is used for printing the computer output. Output is the processed data or signals that come out of a computer system on paper. A digital camera allows photographs to be input to a computer for editing.

Not all computer systems are compatible. Some computer systems cannot use the same programs and data. Connected together computers form a network. Network can provide the ‘connectivity’ required to enable computers and software to communicate and to share resources. Networks connected together form an internet. The connection of networks throughout the world is known as the Internet (note that a capital I is used) or, more simply, the Net. Various communication services are available on the Internet. Email (electronic mail) is for sending and receiving text messages. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) allows users to communicate using text messages in real-time, while the users are logged on to the system. An Internet service called FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring data or program files between the powerful server computers and the client computers. To copy data from a larger server system to a client is referred to as downloading. To copy data from the client to the server is known as uploading.