4.2. Страдательный залог (Passive voice)

Страдательный залог в английском языке употребляется тогда, когда внимание говорящего сосредоточено не на субъекте, а на объекте действия. Глагол в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее подвергается действию, а не само его выполняет. Сравните:

Не translates a book.	Он переводит книгу.
The book is translated.	Книгу переводят.

Страдательный залог образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия II смыслового глагола, т. е. по формуле to be + Participle II.

Рассмотрите таблицу. В ней представлен страдательный залог простых, продолженных и сложных времен глагола. Обратите внимание на отсутствие будущего времени у продолженных времен (Continuous Passive).

Видо-временные группы глагола	Модель	Пример	Перевод
Simple Present Past Future	( to) be+Participle II am, are, is was, were + Participle II will be	is used was used will be used	используется использован будет использоваться
Continuous	is, are, was, were +being+ Participle II	is being used was being used	(сейчас) Используется
Perfect	h ave, has had + been + ParticipleII will have	has been used had been used will have been used	был использован использовали будет использован

Задание 1. В следующих предложениях определите время и залог сказуемого. Предложения переведите.

1. All the results had to be analysed bу the experimentator .

2. He told me an interesting story.

3. Our lab is equipped with modern computers.

4. In a year new investigations will bе carried out with this up-to-date device.

5. Work in this field is being conducted by scientists of different countries.

6. The equipment had been repaired by the time the work began.

7. We will be conducting our experiment from 5 till tomorrow.

8. The workers had built the house by the beginning of last year.

Задание 2. Переведите предложения.

1. The inventor was awarded by the government for his scientific achievement.

2. The testing of a new machine was held successfully.

3. 0ur laboratory will be provided with all necessary equipment.

4. The experiments have been carried out by this laboratory.

5. The problem was being discussed for two hours.

6. Rome was not built in a day.

7. The report wil1 have been written bу Friday.

8. It must be said that modern civilisation сannot exist without machine-tools.

Задание 3. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужном времени и залоге. Предложения переведите.

1. On April 12 mankind (to enter) a new era – the era of mastering space.

2. Next month we (discuss) their problem at the conference.

3. Yesterday these important problems (to discuss) in our laboratory.

4. This month important observations (to make) in cosmic spасе.

5. In the first year the students (to teach) a lot of important subjects.

5.1. Health, a healthy way of life, the nature world

Key Vocabulary:

health – здоровье

a healthy way of life – здоровый образ жизни

Is going in for sport important for being healthy? – Занятия спортом важно для здоровья?

What can smoking cause? – Какие последствия может вызвать курение?

Exercise makes us strong and healthy – Упражнения делают нас сильными и здоровыми

it requires much time and energy – это требует много времени и энергии

What does it mean to you to be healthy? -1 think to be healthy means that every organ works well. I don't think being healthy means being beautiful or muscular. -Is it important to be healthy? -Yes, it is. If you are healthy, you are happy, you can work and rest well. -Is going in for sport important for being healthy? -Yes, it is. Exercise makes us strong and healthy, because our muscles work well. -What can smoking cause? -Smoking can cause cancer and other problems. Your teeth become yellow, if you smoke.

- Are you good at sport? -I am not good at sport. You know, I do not want to go in for professional sport because it requires much time and energy. But I can swim or play such games as basketball, badminton, beach volleyball or table tennis. It is pleasant especially in summer.

Составьте диалоги по темам: здоровье, здоровый образ жизни, мир природы, охрана окружающей среды