- •Unit 1
- •1. Read the text, translate it into Russian. At the dental polyclinic
- •Vocabulary Extension
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Rooms
- •3. Chairs
- •4. Dental and Medical Specialists
- •3. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •4. Find word-partnerships and translate them into Russian.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the clues:
- •9. Answer the questions to the text.
- •10. Study the following.
- •11. Read and translate the text. Pick out and analyze the ing-forms. Make an abstract of the article using the following phrases:
- •1. Read and translate the text. The dentist
- •3. Pronounce the proper names.
- •8. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
- •10. Choose the correct form (the ing-form or Participle II).
- •The historic background of dentistry
- •1. Derive the meaning of the following international words.
- •2. Study the following.
- •3. Pick out all the ing-forms and Participles II from the text. State their
- •4. Translate into English using the words from the text. Pay attention to the use of the subordinate clauses.
- •5. Supply the prepositions if necessary.
- •6. Imagine that you are going to make up an aptitude test for a prospective dentist. What items would you include to estimate a person's aptitude. Give your reasons.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Derive the meaning of the international words.
- •3. Choose the sentence which describes the gist of the 1st and 2nd paragraphs best of all. Give your reasons.
- •Instruments
- •9. Speak about:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of combinations.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Say what specialist do you have to see if you have one of the following defects or diseases:
- •5. Speak about a patient's complaints and sufferings according to the following plan:
- •7. Describe stomatological sciences matching a word in the 1st column with a
- •10. Translate the sentences into Russian. Find the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
- •11. Replace the ing-form by the infinitive constructions.
- •1. Match the word-combinations in the 1st column with the phrases in the 2nd to describe the duties of the staff of a dental polyclinic.
- •2. Match the words and word-combinations in the three columns to say where these actions are performed.
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •6. Read and translate the text. Divide it into paragraphs. Suggest a title for each paragraph. Give your reasons for it.
- •8. Choose the -ing-form or the infinitive.
- •1. Study the following.
- •2. Use the word-combinations given below to speak about:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •8. Speak on:
- •9. Describe the dental services using the words given below.
- •10. Speak about:
- •11. Fill in the missing words in the required form:
- •Caries and its treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the English words.
- •3. Study the following words.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Match the opposites.
- •6. Fill in the prepositions.
- •The process of root canal treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text the synonyms to the following words:
- •4. Fill in the prepositions.
- •Find the infinitive constructions in the text, state their functions.
- •Make up a list of verbs and word-combinations denoting the actions carried out by a dentist performing root canal treatment. Say what the aim of each action is.
- •7. Choose the word which suits best.
- •8. Choose the correct tense-form (active or passive).
- •9. Answer the questions to the text:
- •What are the main procedures of root canal treatment? What instruments do these actions involve?
- •Make an abstract of the text about root canal treatment using phrases:
false paste
5. Complete the chart using the terms from the text.
Materials |
Instruments |
Dental Services |
plaster |
spatula |
making bridges |
6. Pick out the sentences with the -ing-form (PI, the Gerund) in the attributive function from the text.
In the preposition In the postposition
Ex. A recovering patient The patient suffering from pain, a gun
for shooting
7. Change the sentences using the ing-form. Fill in prepositions or prepositional phrases if necessary (of, for, etc.).
1. They use special pieces of wire to remove the pulp. 2. Their task is to make restorations and prostheses. 3. To perform this procedure they use a special spoon and tray. 4. They use modern plastic and metal materials to make false teeth. 5. The dental surgeon spent most of his time to open gum and tooth abscesses and give anaesthesia. 6. While several techniques to whiten teeth exist, in the last decade a new method of whitening has become the most widely used. 7. At home teeth whitening is a safe and effective way for a person to bleach their teeth. 8. They do not know the way how to use this product. 9. At home teeth whitening process can be used to lighten the crowned tooth's neighbouring natural teeth. 10. There is no way to predict which patient will develop this problem. 11. As a general rule, to reduce gum irritation while whitening a person should wipe away the excess whitening gel. 12. While there is no way to predict specifically who will develop this problem there are some general indicators.
8. Complete the sentences using the clues:
the more unlikely, the more cooperative, the more systematic, the slower, the more, the more likely (2), the better, the less, the more difficult (2), the more effectively, the more thoroughly, the longer, the heavier, the more carefully, the more firmly, the more curved, the fewer, the worse
1. .. .the extraction has been ... swelling will occur. 2. ... you are when the dentist performs an injection ... it will be for you. 3. ...the rate of the injection is ... discomfort you will have. 4. . your dentist knows about . he will treat you. 5. ... a patient has been examined, ... he will have complications after the treatment. 6. ... the tooth's roots are, ... it will be to remove it. 7. ... you follow the dentist's instructions, . post operative problems you will have. 8. . a tooth is anchored,
. it will take to remove it. 9. . the bleeding after the tooth extraction is, . the patient will feel. 10. . exposure to certain antibiotics is, . a person will have brown tooth stains.
9. Answer the questions to the text.
1. What departments are there at a district dental polyclinic? 2. What is a registering clerk responsible for? 3. What do dental therapists do? 4. What do dental surgeons do? 5. What do orthopaedists do? 6. What do technicians do? 7. How often is it necessary to go to the dentist's? 8. What kind of treatment did you get when you went to a dental polyclinic last? 9. Do you have to pay for the dentist's services? 10. Which do you prefer to be: a dental therapist, a dental surgeon, a dental orthopaedist, a technician? Why?
10. Study the following.
Аннотация научной статьи (Abstract). Аннотацией называется краткое и вместе с тем исчерпывающее изложение содержания научной статьи, помещаемое непосредственно после заглавия и понятное возможно более широкому кругу читателей. Как правило, аннотация не содержит каких-либо формул или цифровых данных, имеет объем, не превышающий 1200-1600 печатных знаков, и является законченной логической единицей, дающей читателю возможность обоснованно решить, следует ему читать данную научную статью или нет. По сравнению с текстом научной статьи аннотация набирается более мелким жирным шрифтом. В аннотации помещаются сведения об общем направлении, задачах и целях исследования, приводится более конкретное описание тематики работ, выполненных данным автором, поясняется метод исследования, кратко излагаются полученные теоретические и экспериментальные результаты и формулируются общие выводы, которые можно сделать на основании этих результатов. Основной лексико-стилистической особенностью аннотации является наличие глагольных форм типа: ...is/are arrived at, developed, inferred, discussed, introduced, formulated, outlined, made, considered, summarized и т.д.
По своему содержанию и методам исследования аннотации научных статей подразделяются на три основных типа:
1. Аннотации научных статей, излагающих результаты оригинальных теоретических и (или) экспериментальных исследований, выполненных авторами. Для аннотаций оригинальных научных статей характерны следующие структурные типовые формы и обороты:
(1) The results of the theoretical (experimental) study of . are presented/ Приводятся результаты теоретического(экспериментального)
исследования...
It is shown that.. /Показано, что...
A theoretical (experimental) dependence of ... is formulated/ Формулируется теоретическая зависимость ... от...
Recommendations for ... are presented/Приводятся рекомендации по...
Conclusions regarding ... are made(arrived at)/Делаются выводы о том, что...;
2. Аннотации обобщающих научных статей, посвященных распространению полученных результатов на другие области и занимающих промежуточное положение между оригинальными исследованиями и обзорами литературы. Аннотации обобщающих научных статей по своим лексико-стилистическим особенностям занимают промежуточное положение между аннотациями оригинальных и обзорных научных статей, о которых речь пойдет ниже. Поэтому помимо характерных для этих двух категорий типовых форм, могут содержать специфические для данной категории формы, такие как:
In this general paper the role of ... in ... is discussed/ В данной обобщающей научной статье рассматривается роль .. .в ...
The extension of . and possibility of its practical application to . are considered/ Рассматриваются распространение .. .на ... и возможность его практического приложения к...
A generalized version of ... for ... is introduced/Вводится обобщенный вариант ... для ...
Subject matter related to ... as well as to ... is considered/Обсуждаются вопросы, относящиеся как к ..., так и к ...;
3. Аннотации обзорных научных статей. Для аннотаций обзорных научных статей, содержащих обзор (или сопоставительный анализ) результатов, полученных другими исследователями, характерны следующие типовые формы и обороты:
(1)A review of ... essential for ... is presented/Приводится обзор представляющий интерес для...
Present status and theoretical (experimental, test) results of ... are summarized/ Рассматриваются современное состояние и приводятся результаты теоретических исследований (экспериментальной проверки, научных испытаний)...
The current research programs for ... are outlined/ Приводится обзор проводимых в настоящее время исследований по...
The factors(parameters) considered include.../Рассмотрено влияние таких факторов (параметров), как ...
Special attention is given to . methods(techniques, solutions) used by . for .../Особое внимание уделяется методам (способам решения), применяемым ... для ...