- •Unit 1
- •1. Read the text, translate it into Russian. At the dental polyclinic
- •Vocabulary Extension
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Rooms
- •3. Chairs
- •4. Dental and Medical Specialists
- •3. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •4. Find word-partnerships and translate them into Russian.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the clues:
- •9. Answer the questions to the text.
- •10. Study the following.
- •11. Read and translate the text. Pick out and analyze the ing-forms. Make an abstract of the article using the following phrases:
- •1. Read and translate the text. The dentist
- •3. Pronounce the proper names.
- •8. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
- •10. Choose the correct form (the ing-form or Participle II).
- •The historic background of dentistry
- •1. Derive the meaning of the following international words.
- •2. Study the following.
- •3. Pick out all the ing-forms and Participles II from the text. State their
- •4. Translate into English using the words from the text. Pay attention to the use of the subordinate clauses.
- •5. Supply the prepositions if necessary.
- •6. Imagine that you are going to make up an aptitude test for a prospective dentist. What items would you include to estimate a person's aptitude. Give your reasons.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Derive the meaning of the international words.
- •3. Choose the sentence which describes the gist of the 1st and 2nd paragraphs best of all. Give your reasons.
- •Instruments
- •9. Speak about:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of combinations.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Say what specialist do you have to see if you have one of the following defects or diseases:
- •5. Speak about a patient's complaints and sufferings according to the following plan:
- •7. Describe stomatological sciences matching a word in the 1st column with a
- •10. Translate the sentences into Russian. Find the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
- •11. Replace the ing-form by the infinitive constructions.
- •1. Match the word-combinations in the 1st column with the phrases in the 2nd to describe the duties of the staff of a dental polyclinic.
- •2. Match the words and word-combinations in the three columns to say where these actions are performed.
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •6. Read and translate the text. Divide it into paragraphs. Suggest a title for each paragraph. Give your reasons for it.
- •8. Choose the -ing-form or the infinitive.
- •1. Study the following.
- •2. Use the word-combinations given below to speak about:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •8. Speak on:
- •9. Describe the dental services using the words given below.
- •10. Speak about:
- •11. Fill in the missing words in the required form:
- •Caries and its treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the English words.
- •3. Study the following words.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Match the opposites.
- •6. Fill in the prepositions.
- •The process of root canal treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text the synonyms to the following words:
- •4. Fill in the prepositions.
- •Find the infinitive constructions in the text, state their functions.
- •Make up a list of verbs and word-combinations denoting the actions carried out by a dentist performing root canal treatment. Say what the aim of each action is.
- •7. Choose the word which suits best.
- •8. Choose the correct tense-form (active or passive).
- •9. Answer the questions to the text:
- •What are the main procedures of root canal treatment? What instruments do these actions involve?
- •Make an abstract of the text about root canal treatment using phrases:
and seal ... its interior. 7. If gutta percha is positioned ... cones, your dentist will squeeze it ... your tooth. 8. To clean ... the sides of the tooth's root canals, your dentist will move root canal files ... and ... your tooth. 9. To prevent your tooth's being contaminated . bacteria living . saliva, your dentist should keep it dry. 10. I felt ill ... ease during the root canal treatment as my doctor hadn't numbed ... my tooth. 11. What's the purpose ... stretching a rubber dam ... a person's tooth? 12. To make it less noticeable ... front teeth the access hole is made ... the tooth's backside.
Find the infinitive constructions in the text, state their functions.
Make up a list of verbs and word-combinations denoting the actions carried out by a dentist performing root canal treatment. Say what the aim of each action is.
For example: A dentist makes an access hole in a tooth. It gives access and leads to the pulp chamber of the tooth.
7. Choose the word which suits best.
diameter, filled in, common, prewarmed, extends, accomplished, to avoid, examining, exposure
1. Making access hole is ... by using a dental drill. 2. ... a tooth involves using a probe, a fogless mirror and some other instruments. 3. The doctor ... the tooth by placing root canal material into it. 4. To make positioning of gutta percha into the tooth easier, it is better to have the material ... . 5. The files used for cleaning out root canals must be of different ... . 6. Which is the most ... root canal filling material nowadays? 7. Root ... is often an unavoidable consequence following treatment of periodontal pockets. 8. It's advisable to have your tooth x-rayed to see if root canal filling material ... the full length of the canal. 9. A balanced diet can help . tooth infection and decay.
8. Choose the correct tense-form (active or passive).
1. You might think that a tooth's nerve tissue (be, is, was) vitally important to a tooth's function, but in reality it (be, is, was) not. A tooth's nerve tissue (play, plays, is playing) an important role in the development and growth of a tooth, but once the tooth (erupts, erupted, has erupted) through the gums and (has finished, finished, finishes) maturing its only function (be, is, was) to give sensory information. 2. As a process, root canal treatment (cleans, is cleaning, has cleaned) out the inside of a tooth. Once this space (has cleaned, has been cleaned, cleans) it (fills in, is filling in, is filled in). 3. The problem with teeth and infections (be, is, was) that once a tooth's nerve tissue (started, has been started, has started) to degenerate and bacteria (has taken up, have taken up, have been taken up) residence in the tooth's nerve area there (be has been, is) no effective way for white blood cells to get at the bacteria to combat them. The nerve tissue's blood