MINISTRY OF HEALTH
REPUBLIC KAZAHSTAN
STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SEMEY
KOVALEVA LARISSA VALENTINOVNA
EDUCATIONAL HANDOUT
ON MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS
SEMEY
2012
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
REPUBLIC KAZAHSTAN
STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SEMEY
KOVALEVA LARISSA VALENTINOVNA
EDUCATIONAL HANDOUT
ON MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS
SEMEY
2012
UDC 577(075.8)
LBC 22.3
К 56
reviewerS:
S.B. Maukaeva – the senior lecturer of faculty of medicine of catastrophe and infectious diseases
A.S. Orasalina – the dean of credit technology of education, medical, stomatologic faculties and foreign office, the senior lecturer
К 56 Kovaleva L.V. Educational handout on medical biophysics.- Semey.-2012. - 249 - p.
The given educational handout all the sections stipulated by the typical program on medical biophysics for students of medical high schools of Kazakhstan. The handout is intended for preparation of students of general medicine, stomatologic faculties of the state university of Semey to practical lessons on medical biophysics. Students of faculty of public health services can use the given handout for preparation for practical lessons and for independent work under direction of the teacher.
LBC 22.3
It is approved and is authorized for printing by the decision of educational-methodical council of the State medical university of Semey.
Report №____ from ___. ___. 2012.
© L.V. Kovaleva, 2012.
Contents:
Introduction…………………………………………………………5
1. Structure, functions and modern methods of research of biological membranes………………………………………………………….6
2. Research of forces of a superficial tension……………………..22
3. Molecular mechanisms of electrochemical potentials of membranes and distribution of a nervous impulse along excitability fiber……29
4. Principles of transformation of biological and not electric signals
in electric. Designs of sensors and electrodes, their basic characteristics……………………………………………………..41
5. The device, principle of work of electrocardiograph. The basic approaches to registration of an electrocardiogram. Registration
of an electrocardiogram and principles of the analysis …………..50
6. The device, principle of work of electroencephalograph. Basic rhythms of EEG. Registration of EEG and principles of the analysis…………………................................................................67
7. Photo-electric converters……………………………………….79
8. The device, principle of work spectrophotometer. Application spectrophometrical methods of research for definition of concentration of substances in biological liquids………………………………..87
9. Polarization of light by iosystems……………………………...94
10. Special receptions of microscopy of biological objects……..108
11. Model of sliding strings. Biomechanics of a muscle. The equation of Hill. Modeling of muscular reduction………………………...116
12. Devices for measurement of function of external breath. The device and a principle of work. Registration and the analysis of the given functional researches……………………………………...128
13. Research of rheological properties of biological liquids. Methods of research of blood circulation. Rheography..............…………140
14. Physical bases of hemodynamic. Laws of movement of blood in an arterial and venous channel…………………………………..153
15. The basic means of medical nondestructive testing………....166
16. The therapeutic techniques based on application of HF, microwave and UHF currents………………………………………………..180
17. The therapeutic techniques based on application of a direct current……………………………………………………………195
18. Mathematical modeling of biological systems………………212
19. X-ray radiation……………………………………………….222
20. Radioactive radiation………………………………………...229
21. Mechanisms of action of laser radiation on biological
tissues……………………………………………………………238
Introduction
The Biophysics represents one of fundamental biological disciplines, who enables on the basis of fruitful merge of three sciences - physicists, to chemistry and biology to approach to understanding of bases of vital processes.
The knowledge of laws of biophysics enables to develop new methods of diagnostics and treatment. Now many biophysical methods are widely used in diagnostics of various diseases, for finding-out of the mechanism of action of medical products, for the control over treatment. The knowledge of theoretical bases of these methods is necessary for the realized and objective interpretation of the given clinical and diagnostic and medical actions. Diagnostic and medical tactics of the doctor in many respects depend on data, who can be received by means of devices.
Peak efficiency of use in medical and biologic researches of various means can be reached only when the researcher knows physical bases of work of the device.