1. Stylistics. Its subject-matter. Branches. Literary and Linguistic s.Decoding.

Stylistics is not a level discipline, but subdivided into separate branches which treat the corresponding linguistic level (phonetics, syntactic, lexical).

The subject matter of stylistics involves the study of lng means (phonetic, lexical, morphological, syntactical, graphical) by which main and additional functions of lng are realized, securing the effectiveness of the process of communication.

Functions of language:

1) communicative (to give inf-n);

2) emotive (to express emotions);

3) volitional (to influence);

4) phatic (to establish contact);

5) appealing (to interest the listener, reader in getting the message);

6) aesthetic (influence the taste of the reader).

Primary information = communicative. Secondary = additional.

Arnold: Stylistics – is a branch of linguistics, which studies the principles of choice and usage of means in rendering thoughts and emotions under different conditions of communication.

Galperin: Stylistics – is a branch of linguistics, which deals with 2 independent tasks: a) it studies the special media of lng which are called “stylistic devices” and “expressive means”; b) it studies the type of text which are distinguished by pragmatic aspect of communication and are called “functional styles”.

Branches of stylistics:

1) author’s S;

2) reader’s S;

3) literary S;

5) linguistic S: a) functional S; b) text S; c) expressive S: phonetic S; morphological S; lexical S; syntactical S.

The main aim of literary stylistics is to interpret and evaluate literary writing as a work of art. It studies expressive means of SD peculiar to a definite work of art, various literary genres, composition of books, writer’s outlook, his attitude to life.

Linguistic stylistics studies functional style, expressive means and SD in general, their selection and combination at speech practice; it studies oral and written varieties of a lng.

Phono-stylistics deals with non-standard pronunciation and acoustic arrangement of speech.

Morphological stylistics studies potential of grammatical categories of this or that part of speech.

Lexical S studies expressive possibilities of word order, types of sentences and types of syntactic constructions.

Decoding – an attempt to combine two methods of stylistic research (author’s S and reader’s S) in order to interpret the work of art with a min loss of its aim and message.

2. The general concept of style. The problems of functional styles. Classification.

Style in lng – distinctive, special, unique or distinguishing linguistic expression.

Galperin: Style – is a system of interrelated lng means which serves a definite aim in communication.

Arnold: Style – is a product of individual choices and patters of choice among linguistic possibilities.

Style – is a quality of lng which communicates emotions and thoughts peculiar to the author.

Style may be (Galperin):

1) individual – a unique combination of expressive means and stylistic devices which makes the writer’s utterances easily recognizable;

2) functional – a system of interrelated lng means which serves a definite aim in communication

a) the belle-letters FS (poetry, emotive prose, drama);

b) the publicistic (oratory, essays, articles);

c) the newspaper FS (brief news items, headlines, advertisements);

d) the scientific prose FS (exact sciences, humanitarian, popular science prose);

e) the official documents FS (diplomatic doc-s, business doc-s, legal doc-s, military doc-s).

Скребнев considers that lng is not a monolithic system, but relatively independent.

Any sub-lng has:

●absolutely specific items

●relatively specific items – useable in several sub-lngs

●non-specific items – useable in all sub-lngs

That’s why the notion style may be used to denote the sum of features that separate sub-lngs.

Спрайдлек:

1. the literary-defining st: ●Publicistic; ●Scientific-technical; ●The official doc-s.

2. the free or colloquial st: ●Literary-colloquial; ●Familiar-colloquial.

Arnold:

1.neutralst

2.colloquialst

3.bookishst: ●scientific; ●official doc-s ●publicistic; ●rhetorical; ●lofty-poetical.

Разинкина expresses the idea to which their system of FS may be represented as a change from 1 st to another & the 2 opposite ones are:●the official st; ●belle-letters FS.

Style (narrow sense) – correspondence b-n thought and expression; embellishment of lng; technique of expression; literary genre.