Text 2 crime

Exercise 2.1 Study different types of crime:

1) armed robbery	1) пограбування з використанням зброї
2) arson	2) підпал
3) assassination	3) наймане політичне убивство
4) assault	4) напад з метою пограбування
5) bigamy	5) бігамія
6) blackmail	6) шантаж
7) bribery and corruption	7) хабарництво та корупція
8) burglary	8) крадіжка зі зломом
9) drug pushing/ peddling	9) розповсюдження наркотиків
10) drug trafficking	10) торгівля наркотиками
11) espionage	11) шпигунство
12) forgery	12) підробка
13) fraud	13) обман
14) hijacking	14) викрадення літака
15) homicide	15) убивство
16) kidnapping	16) викрадення людей
17) manslaughter	17) ненавмисне вбивство
18) mugging	18) розбійний напад
19) petty theft	19) дрібна крадіжка
20) pick pocketing	20) кишенькове злодійство
21) rape	21) зґвалтування
22) shoplifting	22) крамничне злодійство
23) smuggling	23) контрабанда
24) speeding	24) перевищення швидкості
25) terrorism	25) тероризм
26) treason	26) державна зрада
27) trespassing	27) протиправне порушення володіння із завданням шкоди
28) vandalism	28) вандалізм
29) weapon assault	29) озброєний напад
30) theft	30) крадіжка
31) money laundering	31) відмивання грошей

Exercise 2.2 Read and translate the text:

Crime violates the laws of a community, state or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these laws. The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most countries consider as crimes such offences as arson, bigamy, burglary, forgery, murder, and treason.

Not all offences against the law are crimes. The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the criminal law. This law defines as crime those offences considered most harmful to the community. On the other hand, a person may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the civil law.

The common law recognizes three classes of crime: treason, felony, and misdemeanor. Death or life imprisonment is the usual penalty for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime that is punishable by a term of one year or more in a state or federal prison. A person who commits a misdemeanor may be punished by a fine or a jail term of less than one year.

Exercise 2.3 Complete the missing words in the sentences:

(Fine, misdemeanor, prison, term, penalty, life imprisonment, felony, classes, person, civil, community, criminal law, treason, bigamy, forgery, offences, state, laws, counties, crimes)

Crime violates the laws of a community, 1) ____ or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these 2) _____. The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most 3) ______ consider as crimes such 4) _____ as arson, 5) _____ burglary, 6) _____, murder, and 7) ______.

Not all offences against the law are 8) ______. The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the 9) ______. This law defines as crime those offences considered most harmful to the 10) ______. On the other hand, a 11) _____ may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the 12) _____ law.

The common law recognizes three 13) ______ of crime: treason,14) _____, and misdemeanor. Death or 15) ______ is the usual 16) _____ for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime that is punishable by a 17) _____ of one year or more in a state or federal 18) _____. A person who commits a 19) _____ may be punished by a 20) _____ or a jail term of less than one year.

Exercise 2.4 Match the type of crime with its definition:

1. Trespass	a) performing a sexual act in exchange for money
2. White-collar crime	b) intentional attempt or threat to injure another person that causes them to reasonably expect to be harmed
3. Prostitution	c) unlawful invasion of the person, property or rights of another
4. Misdemeanor	d) setting fire to something in a criminal way
5. Assault	e) non-violent offences usually committed by business people or government officials, typically property crimes and economic crimes
6. Arson	f) taking something illegally to another country
7. Smuggling	g) taking a person hostage in exchange for money
8. Kidnapping	h) petty offence, a crime less serious than a felony
9. Burglary	i) killing someone
10. Murder	j) stealing something from someone’s home.

Exercise 2.5 Look at the following situations, then decide which crime has been, or is being committed in each case.

1. TV Newsreader: Police believe the fire was started deliberately at around 2 o’clock this morning when burning paper was pushed through the letterbox. They are appealing for witnesses to the event.

1. assault;

2. arson;

3. assassination

2. Shop assistant: I can’t accept this $ 20 note, madam. It’s a fake.

Customer: What? You mean it’s counterfeit?

Shop assistant: I’m afraid so. Do you have other means of payment?

1. fraud;

2. blackmail;

3. forgery;

3. Police officer: I’m sorry sir, but I have to report your actions to the proper authorities.

Man: Look, officer, here’s $50. Let’s just pretend this didn’t happen, eh?

1. bribery;

2. bigamy;

3. burglary;

1. Man reading newspaper: I don’t believe it! The Foreign Minister has been caught giving government secrets to another country!

   1. mugging;

   2. trespassing;

   3. treason;

2. Man: Look at this note, Cheri. It arrived in the post today. It says ‘Leave $ 10, 000 in cash in the bin by the bus stop, or I’ll tell everyone your dirty secret’.

Woman: Don’t worry about it, Tony. It’s probably another little joke from him next door.

1. bribery;

2. blackmail;

3. hijacking;

1. TV newsreader: The car bomb went off in a busy marketplace, injuring several shoppers.

   1. homicide;

   2. fraud;

   3. terrorism;