Text 2 administrative tribunals in the uk

Exercise 2.1 Study the vocabulary:

judicial	1) судовий
administrative tribunals	2) адміністративні трибунали
accessible	3) доступний
a dispute	4) спір (судовий)
a claim	5) позов, заява
to resolve	6) вирішувати, розв’язувати
an issue	7) спірне питання, проблема
liabilitу	8) відповідальність
a two-tier system	9) дворівнева система
an employment	10) робота; заняття

Exercise 2.2 Read and translate the text:

Administrative tribunals exercise judicial functions separate from the courts. Compared with the courts, they tend to be more accessible, less formal and less expensive. They also have expert knowledge in their particular jurisdictions.

The expansion of the tribunal system in the United Kingdom is comparatively recent, most tribunals having been set up since 1945. Independent of the Government, tribunals rule on certain rights and obligations of private citizens towards one another or towards a government department of other public authority. A number of important tribunals decide disputes between private citizens – for example, industrial tribunals have a major part to play in employment disputes. Some (such as those concerned with social security) resolve claims by private citizens against public authorities. A further group (including tax tribunals) decide disputes claims by public authorities against private citizens, while others decide issues and disputes which do not directly affect financial rights and liabilities (such as the right to enter or visit the United Kingdom).

Tribunal members are normally appointed by the minister concerned with the subject, but other authorities have the power of appointment in some cases.

In many tribunal jurisdictions, a two-tier system operates with an initial right of appeal to a lower tribunal and a final right of appeal, usually on a point of law, to a higher tribunal. Appeals on a point of law only from some of the higher tribunals may be made to the High Court in England and Wales.

The Council on Tribunals exercises general supervision over most tribunals, advising on draft legislation and rules of procedure, monitoring their activities and reporting on particular matters.

Exercise 2.3 Decide if the statements are true or false:

1. Administrative tribunals have separate judicial functions from the courts.

2. Administrative tribunals can resolve a case with less formalities and the decision is not very expensive.

3. The activities of tribunals depends on the position of the government.

4. Administrative tribunals decide disputes only between individuals.

5. The first tribunals were organized in the middle of 20th century.

6. Administrative tribunals are intended to deal with criminal matters.

7. Tribunal members are normally appointed by the minister concerned with the subject.

8. The system of administrative tribunals has three tiers.

9. There is no right of appeal from the higher tribunal to the courts in this system.

10. The Council on Tribunals exercises general supervision over most tribunals.

Exercise 2.4 Match the questions with the corresponding answers according to the text:

What is the difference between administrative tribunal and the court?	a) immigration cases
What matters do administrative tribunals deal with?	b) the Council on Tribunals
What tribunal would deal with employment dispute?	c) two tiers
Who appoints the tribunal members?	d) appeals on point of law
How many tiers does the tribunal system have?	e) the process with less formalities and more accessible
What appeals can be referred to the High Court?	f) with disputes between individuals or between individuals and governmental departments
In what cases is there no right to appeal from tribunal to the courts?	g) industrial tribunal
What body controls the activities of the most tribunals?	h) the minister concerned with the subject

Exercise 2.5 Read the text and match the beginning of the sentence with the best ending:

They also have expert knowledge	a) against private citizens.
The expansion of the tribunal system	b) affect financial rights and liabilities.
The administrative tribunals operate	c) private citizens and governmental departments.
Tribunals are engaged in disputes between	d) general supervision over most tribunals.
A further group decide claims by public authorities	e) in their particular jurisdictions.
An initial right of appeal belongs to	f) belongs to a higher courts.
A final right of appeal	g) is comparatively recent.
The Council on Tribunals exercises	h) independently of the government.
Some tribunals decide issues and disputes which do not directly	i) a lower tribunal.

Exercise 2.6 According to the text put the items of the plan into correct order:

The structure of the tribunal system.

The supervision over the administrative tribunals.

The difference between the administrative tribunals and the courts.

Functions of the administrative tribunals.

Members of administrative tribunals.