1. Read the text and say what the main shops in a machine-building plant are.

We went on an excursion to a machine-building plant. The plant has four main shops. They are foundry, forge, engineering and assembling shops.

One of the basic processes of the metal-working industry is the production of metal castings. Casting is the process consisting of melting out metal in a furnace and poring it into molds where it cools down and is ready for further processing.

And what about the forge? Its main tools are different broad drop forging machines and presses. Here the ingots are forged into parts that are further hardened and annealed.

The machining proper is done in the engineering shops where you can see all kinds of modern lathes. Lathes are complex and accurate devices. They have turning, milling, planning lathes, boring and polishing lathes.

The assembling shop assembles the ready parts into units and fits them on the body of the machine.

The most important thing of all is that automation of the production processes is under the way.

2. Find the following phrases in English in the text.

1. головні процеси; 2. металообробна промисловість; 3. виробництво металевих заготовок; 4. плавлення металу в печі; 5. розливання металу у форми; 6. подальша обробка; 7. головні інструменти/знаряддя; 8. великі машини та преси для кування або штампування під падаючим молотом;

9. усі види сучасних верстатів; 10. складні та точні прилади; 11. токарні верстати; 12. фрезерні верстати; 13. поздовжньо-стругальні верстати; 14. свердлильні верстати; 15. шліфувальні верстати; 16. готові деталі; 17. корпус машини; 18. проводиться.

3. Fill in the following table using the information from the text. Speak about machine-building plant.

Shops	Processes	Products
1. Foundry shop
2. Forge shop
3. Engineering shop
4. Assembling shop

Student independent study:

1) Machine-building in Ukraine

Machine-building complex of Ukraine includes over 20 specialized branches, that is practically all branches of machine building (except watch industry). It serves the basis of heavy industry and plays the decisive role in creating material and technical basis of the economy. In modern conditions machine-building is very important in accelerating of scientific and technological progress. Machine-building provides a comprehensive mechanization and automation of the manufactory with the release of funds for various areas of labor management. Machine-building complex has more than 40% of the total industrial production capacity of Ukraine; the part of production complex in the total industrial output is 29%. This is a labor-intensive branch of industry and at the same time belongs to the metal-consuming industries.

The complex includes 1668 enterprises, 58 sectors, 1.6 million employees. The problem is in the realization of production due to its high price. The profitability of the industry is 7.2%. 116 organizations are engaged in the scientific research. The priority industries are aviation, rocket and space industry, shipbuilding, electronic, manufacturing of city vehicles, defensive area of export trends, production of grain harvester combines, energy-saving equipment.

The level of development of mechanical engineering is one of the main indicators of economic and industrial development of the country. The main value of the industry is to manufacture tools:

- for the industries producing manufacturing facilities (machinery, vehicles, appliances, etc.);

- for the industries that produce consumer goods (machinery for farming, technological equipment for light and food industries);

- consumer goods (cars, fully equipped, TVs, radios, etc.);

- equipment for construction, transport, communications, trade, special equipment for non-production sphere, products for defense.