Билет № 8.

1. Прочитать и перевести текст. Ответить на вопросы по тексту.

Two basic kinds of land use planning are known: local and inter-farm.

Local land use planning is one of the definite sites. It allows to receive operation designs with estimation of site development on the basis of detailed topographical, geobotanical and other researches. The purpose of local land use planning is to increase efficiency of planning sites as well as their arrangement and protection. It introduces resource con­servation technologies of crops cultivation, establishes obligatory soil-protective actions, etc.

Interfarm land use planning differs from the local one. The object of inter-farm land use planning is using of land or land property as a whole.

For each kind of land use planning there is a certain set of the components. They include the decisions which are made out as concrete projects. These components may consist of a number of interconnected elements.

Answer the questions:

1. What kinds of LUP do you know?

2. What is the purpose of the local LUP?

3. What is the objective of the inter-farm LUP?

2. Настоящее длительное время.

Present Continuous Tense образуется при помощи глагола am/is/are +Ving. Употребляется для выражения

1. длительные действия (процессы), происходящие в настоящий момент речи. Now, at the moment:

Don’t go out. It’s raining. What are you doing? – I am reading a magazine.

2. длительные действия (процессы), происходящие в настоящий период времени:

He is mending his Ford. – Он чинит свою машину.

We are doing a face-lift – Мы делаем косметический ремонт

3. Рассказать о своей профессии.

After graduating from the college I shall become a land use planner. Land use planners develop plans for the use of land. They may forecast the future needs of the population. Planners promote the best use of a community's land and resources for residential, commercial, institutional, and recreational purposes. They address environmental, economic, and social health issues of a community as it grows and changes.

Planners also may help to make decisions about developing resources and protecting ecologically sensitive regions. Some planners are involved in environmental issues including pollution control, forest conservation. Before preparing plans for community development, planners study and report on the current use of land.

Planners prepare reports showing how their programs can be carried out and what they will cost. Planners use computers to record and analyze information and to prepare reports and recommendations for government executives, developers and builders.

Билет № 9.

1. Прочитать и перевести текст. Ответить на вопросы по тексту.

The planning process should be based on the cadastral survey of land resources. The present situation must be taken into consideration. The land use planner is to decide what needs should be changed and how the changes can be made. He is also to find out which is the best option and how far is the plan succeeded.

Land use planning is implemented at the national, regional or local level. At the national level land use policy is balanced upon the competing demands for land among different sectors of the economy — food production, export crops, wildlife conservation, housing and public amenities, roads, industry.

National development plans and budget must be also taken into consideration as well as project identification and the allocation of resources for development. Sectoral agencies involved in land use must be coordinated. Legislation on such subjects as land tenure, forest clearance and water rights should be worked out by all means.

Answer the questions:

1. What should the planning process be based on?

2. What are the levels of LUP implementation?

3. What agencies should be coordinated?

2. Настоящее совершённое время.Present Perfect образуется при помощи глагола have/has + V₃

выражает действие, завершенное к данному моменту, результат которого налицо. Интересен результат действия, а не время его совершения.1. в предложениях без указания времени: Tom has come. Which of you has seen this film?2. в предложениях, где время выражено наречиями времени – already, never, yet, ever, just, often. They have already translated this instruction, you may take it. She hasn’t done her homework yet. 3. если период времени еще не закончен, со словами today, this week (month, year)

Tom has written a letter to his mom this week.

4. с предлогами since (c какого-то прошлого момента до настоящего) и for (в течение какого-то времени)

3. Рассказать о странах изучаемого языка.

There are many English-speaking countries in the world. I’d like to speak about the UK and the USA.

The UK lies on the British Isles. It consists of England, Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland. The capital of the country is London. The climate of the British Isles is mild; it is seldom cold in winter and never too hot in summer. There are no high mountains and long rivers in the UK. The longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames. The UK has few mineral resources. Coal and oil are the most important of them. The main industrial centres are Sheffield, Birmingham and Manchester. Agriculture takes an important sector in economy of the country. The British people grow wheat, fruit, vegetables, oats.

For centuries monarchs ruled Britain. The constitutional monarchy is still preserved in the country.

The USA is the fourth largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of North America. The US consists of fifty states. The capital of the country is Washington DC. The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Detroit and Philadelphia. The USA has many natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas, copper, gold and silver. American agriculture produces corn, wheat, cotton. The USA has a highly developed motor-car industry. The vehicles produced at Ford and General Motors are known world-wide.

The United States of America is a federal republic. The President is the head of the state. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and the Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). There are two main parties in the USA: Democratic and the Republican.