Билет № 4.

1. Прочитать и перевести текст. Ответить на вопросы по тексту.

Chances of success for any business are greatly increased when attention is first directed to a comprehensive plan. When a land use plan is made for any new farm the land use planners should design a comprehensive planning. If financial assistance is necessary from bankers, trade creditors, or investors, their first request will be to see the total plan. With it they can visualize the creditworthiness of the farm.

There is no one sequence of steps in planning that is agreed upon by all authorities in any field. The most important thing in planning even a small farm is that all phases of its operations must be considered. The land surveyor planning a new farm should have very definite ideas about profits, financing, accounting, records, merchandising plans, location, market and customers, general method of operation, policies, advertis­ing and promotion, amount and type of expenses, break-even-point, legal form of management, and inventory valuation methods, among other factors.

Answer the questions:

1. Is a comprehensive plan important in successful business?

2. Who designs a comprehensive plan?

3. Is legal form of management one of the definite parts of a plan?

2. Имя существительное. Существительные в современном английском языке имеют:

- два числа – единственное и множественное;- два падежа – общий (Common Case), не имеющий специальных окончаний, и притяжательный (Possessive Case), имеющий окончание ‘s или только ‘.

В отличие от русского языка существительное в английском языке не имеют категории рода. Существительные, означающие людей, заменяются местоимениями he, she согласно их полу (a boy – he, a girl – she), a существительные, обозначающие животных, неодушевленные предметы, вещества, отвлечённые понятия, заменяются местоимением it. Те и другие во множественном числе заменяются местоимением they (girls – they, cars – they).

Множественное число существительных образуется с помощью окончания –s (или –es):

a day – days, a book – books, a girl – girls, a car – cars, a student – students, a box – boxes

Притяжательный падеж употребляется в основном с одушевленными существительными и выражает принадлежность. В русском языке он соответствует родительному падежу (когда он выражает принадлежность: книга (кого? чья?) студента). • Притяжательный падеж существительных в единственном числе образуется путём прибавления к существительному окончания – ’s (т.е. знака апострофа и буквы s) Examples: The student’s book – книга студента, the girl’s bag – сумка девушки, the horse’s legs – ноги лошади • Притяжательный падеж существительных во множественном числе образуется прибавлением только апострофа: the students’ book, the girls’ bags, the horses’ legs

3. Рассказать о странах изучаемого языка.

There are many English-speaking countries in the world. I’d like to speak about the UK and the USA.

The UK lies on the British Isles. It consists of England, Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland. The capital of the country is London. The climate of the British Isles is mild; it is seldom cold in winter and never too hot in summer. There are no high mountains and long rivers in the UK. The longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames. The UK has few mineral resources. Coal and oil are the most important of them. The main industrial centres are Sheffield, Birmingham and Manchester. Agriculture takes an important sector in economy of the country. The British people grow wheat, fruit, vegetables, oats.

For centuries monarchs ruled Britain. The constitutional monarchy is still preserved in the country.

The USA is the fourth largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of North America. The US consists of fifty states. The capital of the country is Washington DC. The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Detroit and Philadelphia.

The USA has many natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas, copper, gold and silver. American agriculture produces corn, wheat, cotton. The USA has a highly developed motor-car industry. The vehicles produced at Ford and General Motors are known world-wide.

The United States of America is a federal republic. The President is the head of the state. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and the Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). There are two main parties in the USA: Democratic and the Republican.