New Discoveries about the "Blue Planet"

Specialists from many ground services have assessed the practi­cal use of observations from outer space. The most effective use of the data obtained was made in the field of geology.

A look from outer space identified fundamentally new geological objects which had not been previously studied or mapped. The satellites helped establish the location of abyssal fractures stretching over hundreds and thousands of kilometres and cutting across the whole systems of folds, platforms and the ocean bed. They penetrate deep into the Earth and often act as supply canals of fusions and mineral-enriched solutions. About 20 such abyssal fractures have been identified on the territory of Russia. Successful development of space research makes it possible to survey the Earth's resources from space by satellites. Besides, the surveys by satellites give us information on other parts of the solar system. This has given rise to a new science of "geology of planets" called astrogeology. All this has greatly expanded the viewpoint of the geologist. At the present time geology, astronomy, meteorology, oceanography and geophysics are coming closer together and scientists believe that such combination of sciences must be used together to study the whole Earth.

Unit V Sources of Energy

Ex. 1. Read the words and try to remember them.

accumulate - на­капливать; скопляться ancient - древний, старинный; ant modern associate - связы­вать, соединять, ассоциироваться; syn connect, link burn (burnt) - сжигать; гореть; жечь charcoal - древесный уголь convenient - удоб­ный, подходящий crude - сырой, неочи­щенный dig (dug) - добы­вать; копать digger - угольный экскаватор; землерой­ная машина divide - делить; (from) отделять; разделять evidence - доказа­тельство; очевидность; признак(и)

fossil - окаменелый, ис­копаемый; ископаемое (ор­ганического происхождения); окаменелость heat - нагревать; тепло­та liquid - жидкий; жидкость; ant solid manufacture - изготовлять, производить; syn produce mudstone - аргил­лит purpose - цель; наме­рение; syn aim, goal shale - глинистый сланец the former ... the latter первый (из вышеупомянутых) последний (из двух названных)

Ex. 2. Read these word combinations and translate them.

to be composed of ancient rocks shale and limestone the equipment available for scientific observations fossil fuel solid fuel crude oil abundant in mudstone and limestone small amounts of charcoal and rocks

dressing (concentration) plants mine safety liquid fuel manufactured fuel any direct evidence of the deposit carbon-containing substances plant products peat accumulation sources of fuel

Ex. 3. Read text A and say what types of fossil fuel are described there.