International words

Exercise 4. Read the following words and give their Ukrainian equivalents.

dessert [dɪ'zɜːt] (n)

stabilizer ['steɪb(ə)laɪzə] (n)

product ['prɔdʌkt] (n)

concentrated ['kɔn(t)s(ə)ntreɪtɪd] (adj)

mixture ['mɪksʧə] (n)

process ['prəuses] (n)

typically ['tɪpɪk(ə)lɪ] (adv)

combination [ˌkɔmbɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] (n)

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 5. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice.

1. Ice-cream is often called “The Great American Dessert”.

2. A number of different problems of ice-cream making is being solved at our research Institute.

3. Various records of ice-cream have been found in European history of the 16^th century.

4. Only fresh dairy products must be used in the production of ice-cream.

5. The composition of milk is influenced by numerous factors.

Exercise 6. Read the following sentences. Define the functions of the words with suffix –ed and translate the sentences.

1. The United States has gained undisputed leadership among all the other countries in the production of ice-cream.

2. Ice-cream is made of pure sweet cream, milk, condensed milk or other concentrated dairy products or combination of these plus sugar and flavouring.

3. Ice-cream is made from mixture of dairy products in the percentage desired for ice-cream making.

4. Mrs. Alexander Hamilton introduced ice-cream into the United States.

GENERAL COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

Exercise 7. Look through Text A. Find the answers to the following questions.

1. What does the term ice-cream denote?

2. Who has introduced ice-cream into the United States?

3. What is ice-cream?

4. What is added to the dairy products to make ice-cream?

5. When have various records of frozen ices been found in European history?

Text A.

From the history of ice cream

Ice cream is a delicious wholesome nutritious frozen food and is often called “The Great American Dessert”. It is made of pure sweet cream, milk, condensed milk or other concentrated dairy products or combination of these plus added sugar and flavouring, with or without stabilizer or colour and with the incorporation of air during the freezing process.

The general term “ice-cream” is commonly used to denote frozen food made from such a mixture of dairy products as will give the desired percentage of butterfat and non-fat milk solids, together with sugar, colouring and stabilizer, and with or without eggs, fruit, nuts, etc. and usually made smooth by whipping or stirring during the freezing processes.

Although the product is typically American, we cannot claim its origin. Early history of ice-cream making is very scanty, however the product is definitely known to have been introduced from Europe. Various records of frozen ices have been found in European history of the 16^th century. The introduction of ice cream into United States has been credited to Mrs. Alexander Hamilton. The United States has gained undisputed leadership among all the other countries in the production of ice cream.

Over 40 per cent of the ice-cream is made during the early summer months when there is a seasonal increase in milk production. The value of ice cream as food is now realized and much scientific knowledge has been gained in the production and merchandizing of ice cream.