Самостійна робота №1

Тема: Rail transport

Завдання: переписати текст “ Rail transport ” в зошит, письмово його перекласти використовуючи активну лексику тексту. Відповісти на запитання.

rolling stock- рухомий склад

rail- рейка

sleepers/ties- шпали

however- проте, однак

resting on- спираючись на

is carried out- здійснюється

Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transportation of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on sleepers/ties and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. However, other variations are also possible, such as slab track where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.

The operation is carried out by a railway company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electrical power from a railway electrification system or produce their own power, usually by diesel engines. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system. Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport.

Answer these questions:

1. Where does rail transport run?

2. What does track consist of?

3. Is the operation carried out by a railway company or by building contractor?

4. What is a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport?

Самостійна робота №2

Тема: Movement of Passenger Traffic

Завдання: переписати текст “Movement of Passenger Traffic” в зошит, письмово його перекласти використовуючи активну лексику тексту. Відповісти на запитання.

terminal- кінцева зупинка

seems so simple- здається такою простою

to realize- вважати

small army- мала кількість

have been gone- оброблений

to make certain- переконатись

Movement of Passenger Traffic

A modern train stands in the terminal ready to receive its passengers. It departs at the moment called for by its schedule. The program of departure seems so simple that few passengers realize that it has required the services of a small army of railroad employees to make the movement possible.

Every car in the train has received careful inspection inside and out to make certain of its mechanical condition. Each car has been washed: not only have inside woodwork and floors been scrubbed, but carpets and seats have been gone over with vacuum cleaners.

Preparations for dining service constitute a considerable operation. Food supplies have been requisitioned from the store rooms, and stored in the car refrigerators, cupboards and small but complete pantry. Clean linen has been stocked.

Answer these questions:

1. Where does a train receive its passengers?

2. At what moment does it depart?

3. Who makes the movement possible?

4. For what purpose has every car received careful inspection?

5. Where is food stored?