10. Переведите на слух по предложению следующий отрывок.

The salts that are most frequently present in crude oil are calcium, sodium and magnesium chlorides. If these compounds are not removed from the oil several problems arise in the refining process. The high temperatures that occur downstream in the process could cause water hydrolysis, which in turn allows the formation of hydrochloric acid. Salt deposits and fouls heat exchangers. Vaporization reduces crude pre-heat capacity. It can poison catalysts and cause ecological problems.

11. Подберите из текстов упражнений 9 и 10 английские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям и выучите их наизусть.

откачка нефти
водонефтяная эмульсия
деэмульгатор
сужение
ускорять процесс разделения фаз
количественная оценка
термодинамически стабильный
S-образный
трехступенчатый процесс
седиментация под действием силы тяжести
однородная фаза
зависеть от
защитное действие

12. Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям и выучите их наизусть.

result in
formation of
elbow
it is easy to state
completely resolved
magnesium chloride
to be removed from
cause
hydrochloric acid
pre-heat capacity
long-distance approach of drops
coalescence of drops
promote
natural surfactants

13. Переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения.

1. Crude oil contains salts (calcium, sodium and magnesium chloride) which can cause different problems during the refining process.

2. Desalting is a process of oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil.

3. There are two methods of crude oil desalting, chemical and electrostatic separation.

4. To dissolve impurities into the water the chemical surfactants are added to the oil.

5. Application of high-voltage electrostatic charges allows us to concentrate suspended water globules in the bottom of the settling tank.

6. Before separation of the water crude oil is heated to between 150ºF and 350ºF.

7. The temperature of heating is limited by the vapor pressure of oil.

8. You should use the plot of the separated volume fraction versus time which has a sigmoid shape and characterizes three-step process.

9. The choice of surfactant depends upon the nature of the different components, as well as temperature and pressure.

10. The desalted crude is drawn from the top of the settling tank to the crude distillation tower.