The designation of railway freight cars

1. Essential vocabulary

a designation [̗dezɪgʹneɪʃən] призначення

an operation [̗ɔpəʹreʃən] експлуатація

a demountable [̗dɪʹmaʊntʹeb(ə)l] розбірний

bulk materials [̗bʌlk mə´ti(ə)riəls] сипучі матеріали

a powered chemicals [̗ʹpauəd ʹkemik(ə)ls] порошкоподібний хімікат

cinder [̗ʹsində] зола

lumber [ʹlʌmbər] пиломатеріали

stone [stəʋn] камінь

а сrushed stone [krʌʃt stəʋn] щебінь

grain [greɪn] зерно

grocery [ʹgrəʋsərɪ] продукти, бакалія

furniture [ʹfɜ:rnətʃər] меблі

merchandise [ʹmɜ:rtʃəndaɪs] товари

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lamp materials [læmp məʹti(ə)riəls] шматкові матеріали

steel rails [sti:l] [reɪls] сталеві рейки

a beam [bi:m] балка

a bridge [brɪdʒ] міст

hardware [ʹha:rd ̗weər] залізні (металеві) вироби

heavy pieces [ʹhevi piːsiz ɒv məʃɪːnərɪ] важкі деталі

of machinery механізмів

a low [ləʋ] низький

a valuable [ ʹvælju:ʹeib(ə)l] цінний

quantity [ʹkwɒntətɪ] кількість

а loose materials [luːs mə´ti(ə)riəls] нещільні матеріали

а perishable goods [ʹperɪʃpʹeib(ə)l ɡʊdz] швидкопсуючи вантажі

а liquid goods [likwid ɡʊdz] рідкий вантаж

оil [ɔɪl] нафта

аcid [ʹæsɪd] кислота

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to line (with) [lain] облицьовувати

to ship [ ʃɪp] вантажити

to haul [hɔːl] перевозити, тягти

to injure [ʹɪndʒər] шкодити, псувати

to expose [ɪkʹspəʋz] залишати беззахисним

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The designation of freight cars

Today our railroads have several classes or types of the freight cars. They are used for carrying different kinds of freight. The designation of a various types of the cars are differed both in the purpose and in the range of transported goods and the conditions of their operation.

Sometimes you may see a train hauling a steel bridge beam or a wooden poles so long that they need several flat cars together to carry them. Along the sides and at the ends of the floor of the flat car there are usually a number of metal pockets, in which a wooden stakes may be placed if necessary, to hold freight on the car.

There is a special kind of flat car. A flat car or dump car is used to carry logs, lumber, stone, steel rails, beams and heavy pieces of machinery. In the dump car the center section of the platform is lower than at the ends over the trucks so that large pieces of machinery can be carried. It would be otherwise too high for the tunnels and bridges along the right of the way.

Next type is a box car. They are used to haul grain, groceries, dry goods, furniture, hardware, and all kinds of ordinary merchandises. The box cars that carry grain in bulk must be filled with “grain doors” in addition to the ordinary doors.

The refrigerator car is a special kind of a box car. It is used for hauling fresh meats, fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and other articles which must be kept cold to prevent their spoiling. The walls, the floor and the roof of a refrigerator car are waterproofed and airtighted and they are “insulated” to keep out heat of air.

Liquid freight, such as oil, acid, milk or mineral water, may be transported in tank cars. Some of the tank cars which carry acids are lined with load or rubber because some acid will eat through ordinary steel. The tank cars are used to carry other chemicals may be lined with nickel or with stainless steel. The tank cars which carry liquids must be kept perfectly clear. They are lined with glass.

The container cars were first introduced for the transportation of valuable merchandise and various kinds of low grade freight. Many bricks are shipped in container cars. The container cars are used also for the transportation of cement.

The covered hopper cars are used to carry all kinds of bulk materials that cannot be exposed to the weather, such as sugar and clay, and particularly, cement and dry powdered chemicals.

The type of car that is used to carry coal is familiar to every body. Similar cars are used to haul ore, grave, crushed rock cinders and other loose bulky materials wet weather will not injure.