Vocabulary Practice

9. Прочитайте наступні речення та доведіть, що вони правильні. Використовуйте фрази: As far as I know (remember), to my mind, I suppose, without saying, frankly speaking, allow me to observe, as I was going to observe, to tell the truth, they say, in fact, unfortunately, unexpectedly.

1. Box cars are primarily employed to transport valuable commodities and products requiring protection from the weather or against breakage.

2. Hopper cars constitute the second class of freight cars owned by the railways.

3. Open-top hopper cars are used most widely in the movement of coal from mines.

4. The covered hopper car represents one of the greatest growth patterns evident in recent railroad history.

5. The tank-car is a type of a freight car which body is made in kind of one of some barrels equipped with the loading and unloading and other devices which provide the safe transportation of goods.

6. The frame is the jointing part of the car which serves as the basis for the barrel, supports on the running gears and on it’s an automatic coupling and braking equipment is installed.

IV. Grammar Exercises

1. Прочитайте речення та складіть по 5 спеціальних запитань (Wh-questions) до кожного речення. Запропонуйте вашим співрозмовникам відповісти на складені питання.

1. This car is designed for passenger service at speeds up to 160km/h.

2. It consists of an all-metal body, a welded steel underframe and running gear (two four-wheel trucks trucks without pedestals, with double spring suspension and single-piece axle boxes on theroller bearings).

3. Each compartment of the car has an upholstered lower sofa, an armchair, a table and an upper folding upholstered berth.

4. The car is equipped with an air-conditioning system, individual water heating, a power plant with an axle drive, flexible platforms with metal accordions, an automatic and a hand brakes.

2. Перекладіть речення на українську мову та поясніть вживання конструкції пасивного стану (Passive Voice).

1. High-speed trains are said to be introduced on this section of the mainline early next year. 2. Mr. Smith is considered to be the best expert in brake systems. 3. The introduction of tilting trains is sure to reduce journey time on this line. 4. The timetable is known to be changed for the summer period. 5. The delegation is expected to arrive on Monday, but no precise information has been given. 6. The agreement is unlikely to be reached by the end of the week. 7. The parts and joints of the platform are made of the low-alloy and cast steels of premium quality.

3. Використайте конструкції пасивного стану (Passive Voice) замість активного (Active Voice) та перекладіть речення українською мовою. Поясніть вживання конструкції пасивного стану (Passive Voice).

E. g. They consider box cars to be convenient for transporting bulk freight. → Box cars are considered to be convenient for transporting bulk freight.

2. Customers use open-goods cars for transportation of coal, iron ore, etc. 3. They equip open-goods vehicles with special hatches. 4. They carry liquid goods in tank cars. 5. They are paying much attention to container traffic. 6. Last year they operated only flat wagons to transport bulky freight. 7. They will prevent damage to the car using safety equipment. 8. They haven’t fixed the tank to the frame. 9. The stewardess helped the old lady to fasten her seatbelt. 10. The two expert teams obtained comparable results. 11. Specifications for the new engine to draw up by our expert team. 12. The bogie to simplify for easier maintenance. 13. Russian and Finish railwaymen to reach an understanding to operate high-speed trains between Turku and St. Petersburg. 14. This speed record to certify by Guinness World Records as a world maglev speed record.