Lesson 7

Grammar: Much, many, (a) little, (a) few

Reading: History of Computers

What is a Computer?

Speaking: Looking for a new job

Grammar

Кількісні займенники

До кількісних займенників належать: many, much ─ багато; few, little ─ мало; a few, a little ─ кілька, трохи. Усі вони мають ступені порівняння:

• Example: many — more — most

much — more — most

few — fewer — fewest

little — less — least

Кількісні займенники вживаються як займенники-прикметники і як займенники - іменники.

Many і few вживаються перед зліченними іменниками множини, а також замінюють їх. Як іменник many означає багато хто, few — мало хто:

• Example: There were many students in the room.

У кімнаті було багато студентів.

Many stay here.

Багато хто залишається тут.

She has few note-books.

У неї мало зошитів.

Many people tried to climb the mountain but few reached the top of it.

Багато людей пробували піднятися на гору, але мало хто досяг вершини.

Займенники much і little вживаються перед незліченними іменниками, а також замінюють їх. Крім того, much і little вживаються після дієслів як прислівники.

• Example: There is much snow on the ground.

На землі багато снігу.

Much of what you say is true.

Багато з того, що ви кажете, правда.

Не works very much.

Він працює дуже багато.

І have very little time.

У мене дуже мало часу.

She reads little now.

Вона зараз мало читає.

Часто до них додаються прислівники very (дуже), too (занадто), so (так).

• Example: My son reads very / too / so much.

Мій син дуже / занадто багато читає.

My son reads very little.

Мій син дуже мало читає.

Для позначення великої кількості вживають такі словосполучення, як a lot of, lots of. Вони вживаються разом із злічуваними іменниками у множині та незлічуваними іменниками. У сучасній англійській мові a lot of, lots of зазвичай використовуються у розповідних реченнях, а many, much — у заперечних та питальних.

• Example:We have got a lot of friends.

У нас багато друзів.

We have got a lot of work.

У нас багато роботи.

We haven’t got many friends.

У нас небагато друзів.

We haven’t got much work.

У нас небагато роботи.

Have we got many friends?

У нас багато друзів?

Have we got much work?

У нас багато роботи?

Exercise 1. Використайте займенники much, many, a lot of.

1. I have … newspapers in my bag. 2. There are … colleges within English universities. 3. He knows … languages. 4. There is … dust on the furniture. 5. Our teacher knows … 6. We walk … after lessons. 7. They don’t ask us … questions.

Exercise 2. Використайте необхідний займенник (little, few, a little, a few).

Chalk, coffee, tables, pictures, cars, jam, snow, dictionaries, pencils, magazines, dust, grass, exercise-books.

Exercise 3. Поставте much, many, a lot of:

1. I’ve got ______ spare time today. 2. There isn’t ______ snow on the ground. − No, the sun has melted it. 3. How ______ times did you have a shower yesterday? 4. There are ______flowers in the garden. – Yes, they are beautiful, aren’t they? 5. Have you got any money? – Yes, ______ . 6. Have you got any vegetables? - Yes, but ______ . 7. Can you lend me some money? – No, sorry. I haven’t got money with me. 8. We’ll have to hurry. The man was badly injured in the accident. He lost ______ blood. 9. Don’t disturb me. I’ve got work to do. 10. We didn’t take ______ photographs when we were on holiday.

Exercise 4. Виберіть правильний варіант:

1. When will you be back? −Soon. I’m only going away for a few / a little days.

2. How do you like your coffee? – I think you’ve put too much / too many milk in it.

Exercise 5. Поставте замість пропусків займенники a few, few, a little, little.

1. I don't think I can do this work on my own. I need ___ help.

2. ___Ukrainian ecologists visited Northern Ireland in 2009.

3. The snow was quite deep. There seemed to be___hope of completing the work on the fields.

4. ___teenagers in the village could read before the revolution.

5.We only need ____ tractors to do this work.

6.They had___sheep, ___ goats and some hens and cocks.

7.Unfortunately, there were____ rains last summer.

8. ____ water made those flowers more beautiful.

9. In hot weather plants look fading. They need at least ___ water.

10. This village on the map is very small, but it has ___ big buildings.

11. In the evening after hard work farmers feel really tired. They need ____

energy to work on their own fields.

12. There are ___ roads in the village, but they all are in a good condition.

Exercise 6. Перекладіть слова в дужках, вживаючи few or a few.

1. During our last practice we have discussed (декілька) business matters. 2. I have (мало) German books. 3. There are (мало) plants in my native city.4. I have written (декілька) letters to my former schoolmates. 5. My brother has read (мало) English books this year. 6. We have (декілька) foreign students in our university. 7. There were very (мало) people there. 8 Many students were invited but (декілька) came. 9. He has (мало) friends.

Exercise 7. Поставте замість пропусків займенники a few, few, a little, little.

1. There is ... juice left in this bottle. 2. Would you like ...milk? — Yes, thank you. My doctor says it's good for my health. 3. I have ... money, so we can go to the cafe. 4. I have ... money, so we cannot go to the cinema. 5. This girl works very ... , that's why she knows nothing. 6. Mother gave us ... apples, and we were glad. 7. He did not like it at the camp: he had very ... friends there. 8. This lemon drink is sour; if you put ... sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This lemon drink is sour; if you put ... lumps of sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 10. The hall was almost empty: there were very ... people in it. 11. I can't buy this expensive hat today: I have too ... money. 12. She left and returned in ... minutes. 13. I think you can spare me ... time now. 14. I am sorry I have seen ... plays by this author.

Exercise 8. Поставте замість пропусків займенники much, many, little, few, a little или a few.

1. When we walked ... farther down the road, we met another group of students. 2. Have you got ... money on you? — I'm sorry. I have very ... money at the moment. 3. At the conference we met ... people whom we knew well. 4. There are very ... old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down. 5. If you have ... spare time, look through this book. You will find ... stories there which are rather interesting. 6. There are ... things here which I cannot understand. 7. Shall I bring ... more chalk? — No, thank you. There is ... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson. 8. He had ... English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books. 9. She gave him ... water to wash his hands and face. 10. I'd like to say ... words about my journey. 11. After the play everybody felt ... tired. 12. Let's stay here ... longer: it is such a nice place. 13. There were ... new words in the text, and Peter spent ... time learning them. 14. There was ... hay in the barn, and the children could not play there. 15. My friend isn't going to the concert this evening because he has got ... work to do. 16. My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the translation of this letter. 17. He's got very ... time left. If he doesn't hurry up, he'll miss the plane.

Reading: