X. Translate the following text into Russian in written form paying attention to –ing forms.

Green pricing is an optional utility service that allows customers an opportunity to support a greater level of utility company investment in renewable energy technologies. Participating customers pay a premium (наценка, надбавка) on their electric bills to cover the incremental (постепенно увеличивающийся) cost of the additional renewable energy. To date, more than 850 utilities, including investor-owned, municipal utilities, and cooperatives, offer a green pricing option.

XI. Read the following text and make an abstract of the text in some sentences.

Most wind machines being used today are the horizontal-axis type. These machines have blades like airplane propellers. A typical horizontal wind machine stands as tall as a 20-story building and has three blades that span 200 feet across. The largest wind machines in the world have blades longer than a football field! Wind machines stand tall and wide to capture more wind (see fig. 1).

Vertical-axis wind machines have blades that go from top to bottom and the most common type looks like a giant two-bladed egg beaters. The type of vertical wind machine typically stands 100 feet tall and 50 feet wide. Vertical-axis wind machines make up only a very small percent of the wind machines used today.

Fig. 1. Horizontal wind machine

XII. Fill in the gaps with the omitted words.

a) visual f) difficult k) blades

b) speeds g) operational l) windy

c) withstand h) harnessing m) grid

d) duration i) marine n) CO²

e) renewable j) offshore

The use of wind as a 1) ___ energy source involves the 2) ___ of power contained in moving air. There are currently over 1000 wind turbines connected to the 3) ___, producing 0,4 % of the UK’s power, preventing the emission of over one million tones of 4) ___ a year. Although the majority of wind farm sites are currently located on land, the positioning of such developments is 5) ___, as they need to be in 6) ___ areas such as hills and open countryside, but are often considered to be unacceptable in terms of 7) ___ impact. In order to allow the continued development of the industry, a series of offshore wind farms are now being developed. There are some frequently asked questions: What if there’s a storm at sea? 8) ___ turbines are warranted and tested to 9) ___ extreme wind conditions. In the event of severe weather, the 10) ___ turn out of the wind and will slow down for safety reasons when wind 11) ___ reach 50 miles per hour and above. Will they affect marine life? There are three significant stages of a wind farm from the point of view of 12) ___ life: construction, operation and decommissioning. Construction and decommissioning have the potential to generate the most amount of disturbance. However, it should be noted that the 13) ___ of the construction and decommissioning will be about 6 months only. For the 20-year 14) ___ period there are no known impacts on marine life.

Text 4.